Risks and Risk Factors of Repeated Suicidal Attempt: Study on Unconscious Poisoned Patients

Background: Most drug overdoses are due to suicidal attempts. This study was designed to analyze the risks and risk factors of poisoned patients with repeated suicidal attempt in Iran. Methods: This case-control study was conducted at Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran, during April to May 2008. Eighty-seven patients who were admitted due to drug overdose with loss of consciousness were enrolled. Patients were categorized to cases including 19 patients with history of previous suicidal attempt (repeated suicidal attempt), and controls including 66 patients without this history. Only patients who consumed drugs for self-harm were included. Demographic characteristics, past medical history, baseline physical examinations, dose and class of drugs used were recorded. Results: History of previous suicidal attempt had a significant association with the type of drugs used for poisoning (P=0.04) and history of psychological disorders (P < 0.01). Dose of ingested drugs (P=0.020), time interval between drug ingestion and emergency medical service arrival (P=0.021), severity of unconsciousness (P=0.046) and need for ICU care (P=0.013) were significantly higher in patients with repeated suicidal attempt. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender and history of illicit substance abuse. Conclusion: According to these findings, when dealing with patients with loss of consciousness due to drug overdose, those with history of previous suicidal attempt are in more risks and need significantly more attention compared to those without such history. Considering history of previous suicidal attempts in poisoned patients can help medical professionals in determining more definitive prognosis and more effective treatment plan.