Technology line and case analysis of heat metering and energy efficiency retrofit of existing residential buildings in Northern heating areas of China

The building area in northern heating areas accounting for 70% of the total land area in China is 6,500,000,000 m2. The average heating energy consumption in northern China is 100–200% times more than developed countries in the same latitude. This paper introduced firstly the heat metering and energy efficiency retrofit background of existing residential buildings in northern heating areas of China organized by mohurd and MOF, and then put forward the total principle and contents of retrofit. Through analyzing some retrofit cases in Germany, Poland and China, some technological experiences were summarized and finally a technology line suitable for heat metering and energy efficiency retrofit of existing residential buildings in northern heating areas of China which involved retrofit for heat metering and temperature regulation of heating systems, heat balance of heat source and network, and building envelope was described to provide a systematic, scientific, technological guide for the retrofit projects of 0.15 billion m2 in “the Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period.