Oxidative degradation of pyrene in contaminated soils by δ-MnO2 with or without sunlight irradiation Original Research Article

The enhanced oxidative degradation of pyrene in quartz sand and alluvial and red soils by micro–nano size birnessite (δ-MnO2) in the presence and absence of sunlight was investigated. The degradation of pyrene by δ-MnO2 in quartz sand showed very little synergistic effect of sunlight irradiation on δ-MnO2 oxidizing power. However, pyrene degradation by δ-MnO2 in alluvial and red soils was greater under solar irradiation than the combination of photooxidation of pyrene and oxidation of pyrene by δ-MnO2. The oxidative degradation percentages of pyrene by δ-MnO2 under sunlight irradiation are 94.8, 97.7, and 100% for alluvial soil, red soil, and quartz sand, respectively. Oxidative degradation percentages of pyrene by δ-MnO2 in alluvial and red soils with irradiation of sunlight almost attained a maximum at 1 h with a 5% (w/w) dose of the amended oxidant. Due to their different total organic carbon (TOC) contents, the sequence of enhanced oxidative degradation of pyrene by δ-MnO2 in quartz sand and alluvial and red soils was quartz sand > red soil > alluvial soil. Further, this study revealed that δ-MnO2-enhanced oxidative degradation of pyrene is very pronounced in contaminated soils in situ even at deep soil layers where irradiation by sunlight is very limited.