Control of molecular orientation in TTF–TCNQ co-evaporated films by applying an electric field

We have investigated the effect of an electric field on the molecular orientation of tetrathiafulvalene–tetra- cyanoquinodimethane TTF–TCNQ.co-evaporated films, using an optical microscope, a scanning tunnelling microscope and X-ray diffraction. It is found that with an electric field applied TTF–TCNQ grows with the b-axis parallel to the electric field. q1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved