Investigation of pulsed laser depositing Sc-coated cathode

We systematically studied a pulsed laser depositing PLD.scandia thin film cathode, using AES and XPS to determine its composition and chemical states. Favorable activation, emission, and resistance to overheating attained for this cathode was related to the surface behavior of Sc, Ba, and W as defined by in situ surface analysis and emission measurement. The states and changes of the surface constitution are discussed as a base for modeling cathode operation. q1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.