1427

بررسي تغييرات غلظت كروفيل-a و روابط آن با عوامل غيرزيستي و تجمع فيتوپلانكتون (پتانسيل شكوفايي) در منطقه جنوب شرق درياي خزر (مازندران- گهرباران) به منظور استقرار احتمالي پرورش ماهي در قفس

مخلوق، آسيه

ﻧﺼﺮاﻟﻪزادهﺳﺎروي، حسن ، همكارطرح , اﺳﻼﻣﯽ، ﻓﺮﺷﺘﻪ ، همكارطرح , ﮐﯿﻬﺎنﺛﺎﻧﯽ، ﻋﻠﯿﺮﺿﺎ ، همكارطرح , تهامي، ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻪاﻟﺴﺎدات ، همكارطرح , ﺧﺪاپرست، ﻧﻮرﺑﺨﺶ ، همكارطرح , رضايي، مرضيه ، همكارطرح , واﺣﺪي، ﻓﺮﯾﺒﺎ ، همكارطرح , ﻧﺼﺮاﻟﻪﺗﺒﺎر، ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻪ ، همكارطرح , ﻋﻠﻮﻣﯽ، ﯾﻮﺳﻒ ، همكارطرح , اﻓﺮاﯾﯽ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﯽ ، همكارطرح , داودي، اﯾﻮب ، همكارطرح , ﭘﻮرﻣﻨﺪ، ﺗﺎج ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ، همكارطرح , اﺣﻤﺪ ﻧﮋاد، اﺣﺪ ، همكارطرح

1396

ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞﮐﺸﺎورزي - مﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﯿﻼﺗﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر

ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ a و ﻧﯿﺰ اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﺎت ﮐﻤﯽ ﻓﯿﺘﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘـﻮن از ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎي ﻣﻬـﻢ در ﺑـﺮآورد ﺗﻮﻟﯿـﺪات اوﻟﯿـﻪ و وﻗـﻮع ﺷﮑﻮﻓﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﻠﺒﮏ در اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ آﺑﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺻـﻨﻌﺖ آﺑـﺰي ﭘـﺮوري درﯾﺎﯾﯽ دارد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﭘﺮوژه ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﻫـﺪف ﺗﻌﯿـﯿﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮات ﻏﻠﻈـﺖ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿـﻞ a و درك ارﺗﺒـﺎط آن ﺑـﺎ اﻟﮕـﻮيﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﻓﯿﺘﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮن و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻏﯿﺮزﯾﺴﺘﯽ )ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻐﺬي( در اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ درﯾﺎي ﺧﺰر-ﻣﻨﻄﻘـ ﮔﻬﺮﺑﺎران اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري از اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖ 1392 ﺗﺎ ﻓﺮوردﯾﻦ 1393 ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻧـﻪ در اﻋﻤـﺎق 5 ﻣﺘـﺮ از ﻻﯾـ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ، درﻋﻤﻖ 10ﻣﺘﺮ از ﻻﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺢ و 5 ﻣﺘﺮ و در ﻋﻤﻖ 15 ﻣﺘﺮ از ﻻﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺢ، 5 ﻣﺘﺮ و 10 ﻣﺘـﺮ ﺻـﻮرتﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، ﮐﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ)ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن ﺳﻠﻮل در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ( و زي ﺗﻮده )ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم درﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ( ﺑ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﺑﻬﺎر )9± 39( و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن )40± 94( ﮔﺰارش ﺷـﺪ. ﺣـﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﻣﻘـﺎدﯾﺮ ﺗـﺮاﮐﻢ ) 58± 553 ﻣﯿﻠﯿـﻮن ﺳـﻠﻮل دﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ( و زي ﺗﻮده )106± 1209 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم درﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ( ﻧﯿﺰ در زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ و ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿـﻞ a ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ( ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﺑﻬﺎر )0/1± 0/6( و ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ )0/2± 4/6( ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ آﻣـﺪ. ﯾﮑـﯽ از دﻻﯾـﻞ ﻋـدم ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ و زي ﺗﻮده ﻓﯿﺘﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮن، اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻً ﺑـﺪﻟﯿﻞ ﮐﻤﺘـﺮ ﺑـﻮدن ﻣﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎت ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻏﺎﻟﺐ در ﻓﺼﻞ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ در ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘـﺎﯾﯿﺰ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. روﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﻮارهاي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻮد. ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﺘﺎ در ﻓﺼـﻞ ﺗﺎﺑﺴـﺘﺎن و ﺷـﺎﺧ ﺑﺎﺳﯿﻼ رﯾﻮﻓﯿﺘﺎ در ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻓﺼﻮل، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ از ﺗـﺮاﮐﻢ ﻓﯿﺘﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘـﻮن را ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺷـﺪ. ﭘﯿﺮوﻓﯿﺘـﺎ اﮔﺮﭼـﻪ در زﻣﺴـﺘﺎن هماﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻬﺎر، دوﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ از ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ را ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آورد وﻟﯽ ﺳﻬﻢ آن از ﺗـﺮاﮐﻢ ﮐـﻞ در زﻣﺴـﺘﺎن ﮐـﻢ ﺑـﻮد. اوﻟﯿﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ در ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ در ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻓﺼـﻮل ﺑﻬـﺎر، ﺗﺎﺑﺴـﺘﺎن، ﭘـﺎﯾﯿﺰ و زﻣﺴـﺘﺎن ﺑﺘﺮﺗﯿـﺐ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ Prorocentrum Thalassionema nitzschioides Binuclearia lauterbornii cordatum و Pseudonitzschia seriata ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﻓﺼﻮل ﺑﻬﺎر و ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ،ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد در ﺟـﻨﺲ obtusum+proximum +scutellum) Prorocentrum ( ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ درﺻــﺪ از زيﺗــﻮده ﻓﯿﺘﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘــﻮن را ﺑﺪﺳــﺖ آوردﻧــﺪ. اﻣــﺎ در ﺗﺎﺑﺴــﺘﺎن و زﻣﺴــﺘﺎن ﺑﺘﺮﺗﯿــﺐ ﮔﻮﻧــﻪﻫــﺎي Cyclotella menenghiniana و Pseudonitzschia seriata اوﻟﯿﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ در زيﺗﻮده ﻓﯿﺘﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮن را ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ . در ﻃـﯽدوره ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ a ﺑﺎ زي ﺗﻮده ﻓﯿﺘﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮن ﮐﻞ ، ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﺳﯿﻼرﯾﻮﻓﯿﺘﺎ، ﭘﯿﺮوﻓﯿﺘﺎ و ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﺘﺎ، ﮔﻮﻧ ﺎي ﻏﺎﻟﺐ، اﻧﺪازه ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺘﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮن، دﻣﺎي آب، ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺖ، pH و ﻧﯿـﺰ ﺑﺮﺧـﯽ ﻣـﻮاد ﻣﻐـﺬي ﻫﻤﺒﺴـﺘﮕي ﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻏﺎﻟـﺐ ﻓﯿﺘﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘـﻮن در ﻓﺼـﻮل ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﻧﻘـﺶ ﻣﻬﻤـﯽ ﺑـﺮ ارﺗﺒـﺎط ﻣﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎت ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻠﻮل ﺑﺎ دﯾﮕﺮ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ )زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ( داﺷﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ )ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ( در ﻣﺎهﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮﯾﻮر ﺗﺎ دي )2-5(، ﻓﺮوردﯾﻦ)2( و ﮔﺎﻫﺎً اﺳﻔﻨﺪ )2( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان زﻣﺎنﻫﺎي ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽ ﺷﮑﻮﻓﺎﯾﯽﻠﺒﮏ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ در ﻣﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻣﻬﺮ ﺗﺎ آذر )4-6 ﻣﯿﻠـﯽ ﮔـﺮم درﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌـﺐ( ﻧﻘـﺎط ﺑﺤﺮاﻧـﯽ وﻗـﻮع ﺷﮑﻮﻓﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﻠﺒﮏ )ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻏﻠﻈـﺖ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿـﻞ( در ﻻﯾـﻪ ﺳـﻄﺤﯽ ﺑـﺎرز ﺑـﻮد. ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎي Pseudonitzschia seriata وBinuclearia lauterbornii ﺑﺘﺮﺗﯿــﺐ در ﻓﺼــﻮل زﻣﺴــﺘﺎن و ﺗﺎﺑﺴــﺘﺎن در ﻫﻤــﻪ اﻋﻤــﺎق ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪ ﺑــﺮداري و در ﭘــﺎﯾﯿﺰ Thalassionema nitzschioides در اﻋﻤﺎق ﺑﯿﺶ از 5 ﻣﺘﺮ داراي ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ در ﺷﮑﻮﻓﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪﺘﯿﺠﻪ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ )ﺑﺮ اﺳـﺎس داده ﻫـﺎي ﻣـﺎﻫﻮاره اي و ﻣﯿـﺪاﻧﯽ( ﺑﻨﺤـﻮي ﺑـﻮد ﮐـﻪ در ﻃـﯽ دور ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ و ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑﺘﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﻣﺎهﻫﺎي اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖ و آﺑﺎن ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ آﻣـﺪ. ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر ﺑـﺮآورد ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﯽ اﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪات اوﻟﯿﻪ و ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺷﮑﻮﻓﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﻠﺒﮑﯽ در ﻣﺤﻞ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻗﻔﺲﻫﺎي ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﯽ، ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ a ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺘﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮﻧﯽ اﻋـﻢ از زي ﺗـﻮده، ﺗـﺮاﮐﻢ ﮐـﻞ، ﺷـﮑﻞ، اﻧـﺪازه ﺳـﻠﻮﻟﯽ ، ﺻـﻔﺎت ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻏﺎﻟﺐ، ﻧﯿﺰ در ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. زﯾﺮا ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در ﺳﻄﺢ ارﺗﺒـﺎط ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿـﻞ a و زي-ﺗﻮده ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎي واﺿﺢ در ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻨﺘﻈـﺮه ﺧـﺘﻢ ﺷـﻮد . ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ رﺷﺪ و ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮﺟﻠﺒـﮏ ﺳـﻤﯽ Pseudonitzschia seriata درﻻﯾـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ اﻋﻤـﺎق ) 5 ﺗـﺎ 15 ﻣﺘـﺮ(، ﺑﺨﺼـﻮص در ﻣﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻓﺼﻮل ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن )ﻣﻘﺎرن ﺑﺎ دوره ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﯽ در درﯾﺎ(، از ﻧﮑﺎت ﻣﻨﻔﯽ و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ از ﻟﺤـﺎظ ﺑـﺮوﻣﺸﮑﻼت زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در ﻗﻔﺲﻫﺎي ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﯽ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺷﻤﺮده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد

Concentration of chlorophyll-a and quantitative feature of phytoplankton are major concern in primary production estimation and prediction of probably algal blooms in aquatic ecosystems. The subject has important role in development and sustainable exploitation of marine culture. The goals of the project are study of chlorophyll-a concentration changes and its relations to variations of phytoplankton community structure parameters and abiotic factors (environmental and nutrients matters) in the costal waters of the Caspian Sea- Goharbaran region during 2013-2014. Monthly water samples were collected from different layers (surface, 5 and 10m) and depths (5, 10 and 15 m). The minimum mean (±SE) of abundance and biomass reported in spring(39± 9 million cells/m3) and summer (94± 40 mg/m3) respectively. The results showed maximum abundance (553± 58 million cells/m3) and biomass (1209± 106 mg/m3) in winter season. The minimum and maximum mean (±SE) values of chlorophyll-a recorded in spring (0.60± 0.05) and autumn (4.56± 0.23) mg/m3, respectively. The changes trend of field chlorophyll-a concentration was confirmed by satelit data. Bacillariophyta showed the highest percent abundance in all seasons except in summer which it was for chlorophyta phylum. Pyrrophyta was the second dominant phylum in winter as well as spring; however its contribution in phytoplankton abundance of winter was low. The first dominant abundance species in spring, summer, fall and winter were Prorocentrum cordatum, Binuclearia lauterbornii, Thalassionema nitzschioides and Pseudonitzschia seriata respectively. Based on the results the species of Prorocentrum (scutellum +proximum+obtusum) in spring and fall seasons, Cyclotella menenghiniana in summer and Pseudonitzschia seriata in winter showed the highest role in phytoplankton biomass forming. chlorophyll-a concentration showed significant Pearson correlations with biomass of total phytoplankton, bacillariophyta, pyrrophyta and chlorophyta phyla, dominant species, size cells of dominant species, temperature, clearancy, nutrients matters. The study showed that chlorophyll-a cells content of winter dominant species was lower than fall dominant species. The Change of seasonal taxonomic phytoplankton pattern showed important role in relationship between chlorophyll-a cells content with biotic and abiotic factors. Meanwhile the values of temperature, nutrient matters, pH, pattern of dominant phytoplankton species showed significant roleson decoupling between chlorophyll-a and biomass changes pattern. The critical time of algal bloom recorde from September to January and March based on chlorophyll-a concentration. Spatial critical algal bloom was more obvious on surface water from October to December based on chlorophyll-a concentration. Pseudonitzschia seriata and Binuclearia lauterbornii species classified in medium bloom threshold (in winter and summer respectively) in all sampling depths. However Thalassionema nitzschioides (in fall) was in medium bloom threshold in 10 and 15m depths. As conclusion, in order to estimate logic primary production and predict algal blooms in the cage and pen culture sites it is necessary that all phytoplankton parameters such as chlorophyll-a concentration, biomass, abundance, shape, size, biological and ecological chracterstics of dominant species are considered. Because changes in the chlorophyll-biomass relationship could lead to obviouse errors interpretation of results and as well as unexpected field observations.

كلروفيل , شكوفايي جلبك , عوامل زيستي , آبزي پروري دريايي , گهرباران , درياي خزر

تهران موسسه تحقيقات علوم شيلاتي كشور

مصور (بخشي رنگي)، جدول، نمودار

موسسه تحقيقات علوم شيلاتي كشور 52234

ص. ع. به انگليسي: Asieh Makhlough. Determination of chlorophyll-a fluctuations and its relations with abiotic factors and phytoplankton community with emphasis on bloom potential in the Southeast Caspian Sea water (Mazandaran- Goharbaran) in order the feasibility of marine cage culture , [همكارا طرح] حسن نصراله زاده ساروي، فرشته اسلاني، عليرضا كيهان ثاني، فاطمه سادات تهامي، نوربخش خداپرست، مرضيه رضايي، فريبا واحدي، عبداله نصراله تبار، يوسف علومي ... , كتابنامه: ص. 47- 50

كلروفيل , پلانكتون‌هاي گياهي -- جنبه‌هاي زيست‌محيطي , آبزي ‌پروري در قفس , ماهي‌ها -- اصلاح نژاد

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