1473

بررسي توان توليد، برداشت ماهيان و توسعه صيد و صيادي در سد آزاد سنندج به منظور توسعه فعاليت‌هاي شيلاتي

روحي، ابوالقاسم

ﻧﺼﺮاﻟﻪ زاده ﺳﺎرو، ﺣﺴﻦ ، همكارطرح , ﻓﻀﻠﯽ، ﺣﺴﻦ ، همكارطرح , اﻓﺮاﺋﯽ ﺑﻨﺪﭘﯽ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﯽ ، همكارطرح , روﺷﻦ ﻃﺒﺮي، ﻣﮋﮔﺎن ، همكارطرح , ﺗﻬﺎﻣﯽ، ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻪ ﺳﺎدات ، همكارطرح , ﻣﺨﻠﻮق، آﺳﯿﻪ ، همكارطرح , ﮐﯿﻬﺎن ﺛﺎﻧﯽ، ﻋﻠﯿﺮﺿﺎ ، همكارطرح , ﺧﺪاﭘﺮﺳﺖ، ﻧﻮرﺑﺨﺶ ، همكارطرح , ﺼﺮاﻟﻪ ﺗﺒﺎرآﻫﻨﮕﺮ، ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻪ ، همكارطرح , واﺣﺪي، ﻓﺮﯾﺒﺎ ، همكارطرح , ﺑﺎﻗﺮزاده اﻓﺮوزي، ﻓﺮاﻣﺮز ، همكارطرح , ﻣﮑﺮﻣﯽ، ﻋﻠﯽ ، همكارطرح , آذري، ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺤﻤﯿﺪ ، همكارطرح , ﺻﻔﻮي، اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻢ ، همكارطرح , ﻻﻟﻮﺋﯽ، ﻓﺮاﻣﺮز ، همكارطرح , ﻃﻬﻤﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﻟﯿﻤﻮﻧﯽ، ﻣﺮﺗﻀﯽ ، همكارطرح , ﺳﺠﺎدي، اﺳﺪاﻟﻪ ، همكارطرح , ﻣﻌﺎﻓﯽ، ﻋﻠﯽ ، همكارطرح , اﺣﻤﺪﻧﮋاد، اﺣﺪ ، همكارطرح , رﺿﺎﯾﯽ، ﻣﺮﺿﯿﻪ ، همكارطرح , ﻣﻮﺳﻮي ﺗﺎﮐﺎﻣﯽ، ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻪ ، همكارطرح , آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ، ﻣﺮﯾﻢ ، همكارطرح

1399

سازمان تحقيقات، آموزش و ترويج كشاورزي - موسسه تحقيقات علوم شيلاتي كشور - پژوهشكده اكولوژي درياي خزر

ﻣﺨﺎزن آﺑﯽ درﯾﺎﭼﻪ ﺳﺪ آزاد )ﺣﺪﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻨﻨﺪج و ﻣﺮﯾﻮان( ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﭘﺮورش و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ آﺑﺰﯾﺎن دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﯽ آب ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺪ ﺳﻨﻨﺪج و ﺑﺮآورد ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اوﻟﯿﻪ و ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺗﻮان ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ و ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺻﯿﺪ و ﺻﯿﺎدي ﺑﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﺗﯿﺮﻣﺎه 1394 ﺗﺎ ﺧﺮدادﻣﺎه 1395، ﻃﯽ ﭼﻬﺎر ﻓﺼﻞ در ﭘﻨﺞ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﻫﺎي رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ اي )اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي 4 و5(، اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯽ )اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي 2و3( و درﯾﺎﭼﻪ اي اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه 1ﺑﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺼﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ a ﻃﯽ ﯾﮑﺴﺎل از ﺗﯿﺮﻣﺎه 1394 ﻟﻐﺎﯾﺖ ﺧﺮدادﻣﺎه 1395 ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﻓﯿﺘﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮن ﺑﻮﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﻧﺴﮑﯿﻦ از ﺳﻪ ﻻﯾﻪ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ، ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ و ﻻﯾﻪ ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ، زﺋﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮن ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻮر ﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮن و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﻮان ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اوﻟﯿﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺪ درﯾﺎﭼﻪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ a در درﯾﺎﭼﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺪ آزاد ﺳﻨﻨﺪج ﻃﯽ ﻓﺼﻮل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ )± اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر( ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ آن 3/5±0/5 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ )± اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر( ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ a در ﻓﺼﻞ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ 8/8±1/4 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ )± اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر( آن در ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ 0/6±0/1 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺑﻮد. ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ a ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اوﻟﯿﻪ ﻓﯿﺘﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮﻧﯽ 324 ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ و وزن ﺧﺸﮏ 162 ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ، 218 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ و ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻓﯿﺘﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮن ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎنداد ﮐﻪ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 54 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در درﯾﺎﭼﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺪ آزاد ﺳﻨﻨﺪج ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ 6 ﮔﺮوه ﻓﯿﺘﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮﻧﯽ Euglenophyta Chlorophyta Cyanophyta Pyrophyta Chrysophyta Bacillariophyta ﺑﺘﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ 16 ،6 ،9 ،1 ،20، و 2 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ )± اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر( ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﻓﯿﺘﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮن ﻫﺎ 13/4±2/0×105ﻋﺪد در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ )± اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر( زي ﺗﻮده آﻧﻬﺎ 7/3±3/3 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺑﻮد. ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي زﺋﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ 25 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 3 ﮔﺮوه Rotatoria Cladocera Copepods ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﮔﺮدان ﺗﻨﺎن (Rotifera) ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪ18 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ را دارا ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ± اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر( ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ زﺋﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮن ﻫﺎ 20658±8333 ﻋﺪد در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺑﻮد. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ )ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﻟﯿﮕﻮﺗﺮوف و اﻟﯿﮕﻮﻣﺰوﺗﺮوف اﯾﻦ درﯾﺎﭼﻪ اﺳﺖﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪات اوﻟﯿﻪ، ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻓﯿﺘﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮن 324 ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ و وزن ﺧﺸﮏ 162 ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻓﯿﺘﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮن ﺧﻮار )ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﭙﻮر ﻧﻘﺮه اي( 218 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﺮآورد ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در روﺷﯽ دﯾﮕﺮ و ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ a ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ آن 3/5 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ، ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻓﯿﺘﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮن 333 ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ و وزن ﺧﺸﮏ 166 ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ و در اﯾﻦ روش ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻓﯿﺘﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮن ﺧﻮار )ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﭙﻮر ﻧﻘﺮه اي( 222 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﺮآورد ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪات اوﻟﯿﻪ و رواﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺮم اﻧﺮژي از ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه اوﻟﯿﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪه، ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ 222 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﭙﻮر ﻧﻘﺮه اي، 15 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﭙﻮر ﺳﺮﮔﻨﺪه، ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﭙﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ و 27 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺑﻮﻣﯽ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﺗﺮازﻫﺎي آﺑﯽ 1475 و 1460 ﻣﺘﺮ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ درﯾﺎﭼﻪ ﺑﺘﺮﺗﯿﺐ 877 و 600 ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﺘﺮﺗﯿﺐ 237 و 162 ﺗﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺮآورد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎ درﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻫﺎ و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ 162 ﺗﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ، ﺗﻮان اﺷﺘﻐﺎل زاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي 32 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺻﯿﺎد ﻣﻬﯿﺎ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد ﮐﻪ درآﻣﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺻﯿﺪ و ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ از اﯾﻦ درﯾﺎﭼﻪ در ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ دار ﮐﺮدن آن 6/3 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﺎرد رﯾﺎل و درآﻣﺪ ﻫﺮ ﺻﯿﺎد 196/2 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن رﯾﺎل در ﺳﺎل ﺑﺮآورد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد

Investigating the production capacity, fishing and fisheries development in Sanandaj Azad dam for developing of fisheries activity Aquatic reservoirs such as Azad dam (between Sanandaj and Marivan) play an important role in aquaculture and fish production. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological parameters of Sanandaj reservoir to estimate the amount of primary and secondary production, and finally the ability to rear and catch fish and develop fishing. This study was conducted from July 2014 to June 2015, in four seasons at five stations including river districts (stations 4 and 5), transitions (stations 2 and 3) and lakes (station 1). In this study, planktonic communities were studied seasonally accompanied with chlorophyll measurement monthly from June 2014 to June 2015. Phytoplankton was sampled by water bottle from three layers: surface, middle and near-substrate, zooplankton by plankton net and determination of the primary production potential am by measuring chlorophyll content. Average chlorophyll data was recorded was 3.5 ± 0.5 mg. m3, with the highest mean (± standard deviation) of 8.8 ± 1.8 mg.m3 in winter, and the lowest with 0.6 ± 1.0 mg.m3 showed in significant difference. Hence, fish production potential through chlorophyll content was calculated of 218 kg.ha-1with the regards of initial phytoplankton production of 324 g.m3 with 162 g.m3 of dry weight. The composition and diversity of phytoplankton species showed that 54 species were identified belonged to six groups: Bacillariophyta, Chrysophyta, Pyrophyta, Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta and Euglenophyta with 20, 1, 9, 6, 16, and 2 species. The annually average of phytoplankton abundance and biomass also were 13.4 ± 2.0×105 ind.m3 (M± SE) and 7.3 ± 3.7 mg.m3, respectively. Meantime, the zooplankton species composition comprised of 25 species belonged to 3 groups: Copepods, Cladocera and Rotatoria, and the Rotifera which the late the highest species (18 species). The annually average of zooplankton abundance also was recorded 8333 ± 20658 ind.m3. Totally, the findings of this research, based on the nutritional status (trophic index), represent the oligotrophic and oligomesotrphic condition of the reservoir. Based on the primary production, the phytoplankton production was calculated 324 g.m3 with 162 g.m3 dry weight. According the phytophagous fish such as silver carp rearing, it was estimated 218 kg.ha-1. In the other hand, in another method, based on the amount of chlorophyll a concentration with an annual average of 3.5 mg.m3, the production of phytoplankton was 333 g.m3 with 166 g.m3 dried weight in which the production of phytoplanktivorous fish (silver carp) was estimated of 222 kg. ha-1. In this research, based on Key words: Primary production, catch and Fishing, Sanandaj Azad reservoir, Iran. energy pyramid from the primary producer to the consumer, it was predicted annually 222 kg of silver carp, 15 kg of big head carp, 6 kg of common carp and 27 kg of native fish production per hectare. Thus, in reservoir water level of 1475 and 1460 m, the reservoir area will be 877 and 600 hectares, the annual fish production will estimated to 237 and 162 tons. Taking into account the minimum and annual fish production of 162 tons, the common annual capacity will be sufficient to 32 fishermen with the net income from fishing and the final exploitation of the reservoir in the fifth year of 6 billion Rials, and the income of each fisherman was predicted 196.2 million Rials per year.

ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اوﻟﯿﻪ , ﺻﯿﺪ و ﺻﯿﺎدي , درﯾﺎﭼﻪ ﺳﺪ آزاد ﺳﻨﻨﺪج , ايران

تهران ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﯿﻼﺗﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر

مصور (رنگي)، جدول، نمودار

ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﯿﻼﺗﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر 48656