شناسه هاي افزوده :
سبك‌آرا، جليل همكارطرح , مكارمي، مرضيه همكارطرح , خطيب، سپيده همكارطرح , ولي‌پور، عليرضا همكارطرح , خدا‌پرست، حجت همكارطرح , ميرزاجاني، عليرضا همكارطرح , رامين، محمود همكارطرح , پور‌غلامي مقدم، اكبر همكارطرح , نگارستان، حسين همكارطرح , صفوي، ابراهيم همكارطرح , حسينخاني، عادل همكارطرح , صلواتيان، محمد همكارطرح , دژنديان، سهراب همكارطرح , صياد‌بوراني، محمد همكارطرح , صياد‌رحيم، مصطفي همكارطرح , يوسف‌زاد، اسماعيل همكارطرح , زحمتكش، يعقوبعلي همكارطرح , ماهي‌صفت، فرشاد همكارطرح , ايرانپور، محرم همكارطرح , صداقت‌كيش، اصغر همكارطرح , روحباني، شعبان همكارطرح
چكيده انگليسي :
Anzali international wetland on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea has unique features and has a strategic role in maintaining the ecological balance of animals and birds.Anzali wetland is one of the most important ecosystem for fishes spawning and zooplankton groups are the first consumer in this ecosystem . he aim of this study was to investigate the changes in fish communities in March(1393) to May(1394 ). Profiles of chlorophyll a, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, oxygen saturation and brightness levels were used to assess the degree of Eutrification wetland.Water analysis was conducted according to Standard Methods (APHA. 2005) . Physical and chemical sampling was used for the Ruthner .Data from this study showed that the annual average amount of total nitrogen was 519/0 ± 025/1 mg/l with minimum and maximum 187/3 and 279/0 mg/l respectively. The annual average total phosphorus was 0.137mg/l , with minimum and maximum 0.11 and 0.752mg /l respectively. The annual average total concentration was 47.4µg/l, with minimum and maximum 0.11 and 0.752 µg /l respectively. Mean water temperature was 19.2± 7.4 with minimum and maximum 9.5 and 32 ° C respectively. The annual average total pH wa 8.12 ± 0.6, with minimum and maximum 0.11 and 0.752mg /l respectively. The average annual amount of dissolved oxygen in all four regions of Anzali wetland was 6/2 ± 7/8 mg/l. According to the results, all areas except the western region of Anzali wetland (wetland Abkenar) are in the range of hypertrophy of trophic levels Based on these results and considering trophic index, chlorophyll and depth of transparency within the confines of hypertrophy in all areas of Anzali wetland. Generally all wetland areas are within the confines of Trophic Based on the concentrations of nitrogen and dissolved oxygen. Phytoplankton groups are very important producers in the anzali lagoon that have a significant role in the quality of water and the need to be constantly study their sequence and density.The surveywas conducted in six workstations March 1389-Feb 2012.Samples were taken for a liter of water with polica( P.V.C ) and fixed with formalin to 4% ratio. Five ml of the sample after becoming homogeneous, was sequestration for 24 hours in the laboratory and identified and counted by invert microscope. Based on the results of this reviews 67 genus (22, 26, 9, 5, 1, 2, 1, and 1 genus respectively of the Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta branches, Cryptophyta, Euglenophyta Chrysophyta, Pyrrophyta, the Xanthophyta) were identified. The results showed that the phytoplankton density was the most in Sorkhankol and Komeh Aghajani stations with annual average of 24387483±5643414 and 20381250 ± 5488084 per liter respectively.The Bacillariophyta ( particularly Cyclotella) was dominant in all of stations but high density of blue green algae (Cyanophyta) in Komeh aghajani station from July to mid-October have caused the annual average of these phylum is more than Bacillariophyta. In General, the average density of phytoplankton was the highest in summer than other seasons and was the lowest value in the fall. The number of the genus identified in this survay is less than previous studies. Compare this survey with the last studies reviews shows that diversity is reduced in the current situation in the anzali than previous studies. According to thestatistical analysis of the Kruskal Wallis, the density of phytoplankton had significant differences in the different months, stations and seasons (p >0.05). phytoplankton phylums have significant differences (p < 0.05) together. Zooplankton status was evaluated in 10 stations of different areas of the Anzali wet land during March 2014 to February2015. Sampling was done by tube (PVC) and passing through of 30 micron planktonic net. The samples were identified and counted by invert microscope. A total of 72 Genus (1, 8, 4, 35, 15, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3) of phylum Actinopoda, Rhizopoda, Ciliophora,, Rotatoria, Arthropoda, Gastrotricha, Mollusca, Tardigrada, Nematoda, Porifera, Annelida) were identified. The results showed that the maximum and Minimum annual average density of zooplankton was observed with 9667± 12383 and 312 ± 1539 ind.lit-1 in Komeh Sheijan station and West Wetlands Center station Respectively.The population was more in the summer than in other season phylum of Rotatoria, Rhizopoda, Ciliophora and superclass Copepoda formed 59, 8,30 and 3 percent of the density respectively. According to the results the populationof zooplankton is ncreased compared to past studies. According to the statistical analysis Kruskal Wallis there were not significant differences between density of zooplankton in different stations, months and seasons (p > 0.05), but significant differences were found in between different phylum (p < 0.05). Benthic macro invertebrates were studied as a pert of a main project titled” Studying the variation of Aquatic communities in Anzali wetland”. 10 sampling site were determined and 3 replicate of sediments were monthly collected using a 400cm2 Van veen grab during years 1393-4. One additional sediment sample were gathered to determine TOM% and Grain Size. 14 macroinvertebrates taxa were identified as Chironomidae (Insecta,Diptera) and Tubificidae(Annelida, Oligochaeta) were dominant.Maximum and minimum densities of macroinvertebrateswere observed respectively in station 5 with 609±1119 n/m2 and station 1 with 93.32±27.92 n/m2 . Silt and clay constitute more than 85 percent of wetland bottom sediments with maximum of 93.2±27.92 percent in station 2 and minimum 72.21±27.92 in station 5. CCA analyse revealed no accordance of TOM% and silt&clay% vectors with Tubificidae and total benthic fraquencies while Chironomidae frequency is in accordance. Intensifying eutrification process in Anzali wetland has effected its biota as the benthic fauna are almost limited in to most tolerant taxa which reflect the day after day increasing pollution Anzali lagoon. Anzali lagoon was important as a rich source of fish some 50–60 years ago when the catch was dominated by diadromous fish, mostly Rutilus frisii kutum.Endemic and exotic fish ecosystems are valuable fishes and veryimportant for biodiversity, water indicators and source of protein in the human food supply. Fish identification and stock assessment are very important for determination of age composition, diversity, abundance, distribution andintroduce of commercial fishes and exploitation. Sampling of this research was performed monthlyin 14 stations during 2013-2014. Catching fish, random sampling, species counted, fixation, biometric, sex determination, sex maturation stages, age composition were done according standard method . All data were recorded and analyzed in EXCEL and SPSS software. During one year, 6764 number of fishes was caught. Then, they were counted and weighed. Fish number for biometric and identification was 2775. The freshwater fishes of Anzali Lagoon comprise 25 species in 7 families and 23 genus . the most diverse family being the Cyprinidae with 19 species 15 genus.The maximum length was recorded 590 to 655 mm. Three species from exotic fishes similar to Carassius gibelio, Gambusia holbrooki and Hemiculter leucisculus were constitutedthe highest density with 63/59 percent in Anzali lagoon. The fish have been distributed at all sampling stations. Three species of big fishes similar to grass carp, Commoncarp and pike were constituted 2.4 percent of the total catches. Commercial fishes were constituted 59 percent of the caught fishes. Maximum number belonged to Carassius gibelio (1718 pieces) and Hemiculter leucisculus (1471 pieces). Sex ratio was done on 344 specimens with 93 male and 251 female.Sex ratio of Carassius gibelio (gold fish) was determined 12 (male) to 133 (female). Age composition was measured between 1 to 13 years. Maximum age of Carassius gibelio 5 years. Theoldest fish(13 years) was allocated to Cyprinus caprio species. Statistical analysis between average total length, fork length and total weight in five districts of wetland area of statistical significance between groups and within the group show at 5% level (p<0.05).Keywords
