شناسه هاي افزوده :
مصباح، حميد همكارطرح , حسيني‌مرندي، حميد همكارطرح , قهاري، غلامرضا همكارطرح , حاتمي، احمد همكارطرح , ظهيريان، عاتكه همكارطرح , قائدي عبدي بوشهر، محمدرضا همكارطرح
چكيده انگليسي :
Rapid assessment of wetlands is an appropriate alternative for extensive studies in the beginning of projects. As it is the first time that this kind of assessment is conducted for Maharlu Wetland, we chose to run the first level of assessment, baseline inventory out of its five levels, during Summer 2015 to Winter 2016. Biota of Maharlu wetland include 65 migratory bird, 12 fish, two amphibian, three reptile, two zooplankton, one phytoplankton, and two halophyte bacteria, as well as 41 macrophyte species, inside or around the wetland. Menhinik Index were used to calculate species richness. Habitat types in the wetland were Permanent streams, seasonal streams/Irregular stream, shrub dominated wetlands, bogs, marshes, swamps, fens, peat lands, freshwater spring, freshwater oases, permanent inland deltas, seasonal saline lake, and karst and other subterranean inland aquatic systems, according to IUCN habitat classification. Threatened species of the lake is Artemia parthenogenetica (?), and vulnerable bird species were White tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga), and Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliacal). Aggregation and density of avian species are more centralized in eastern parts of the wetland. Freshwater fishes were distributed in freshwater springs and oases in both eastern and western lake margins. Distribution of Dunaliella and Artemia are recorded to be homogenous in the lake. Vegetation cover and plant societies were mapped in lake surroundings. Species richness in the wetland and its surroundings was increasing in the first three years of the interval 2009–2013 (from 0.424 to 0.509), but drastically decreased in the last two years (0.361). Some of the most critical threads to the wetland are decrease of water input, vicinity to the capital road and airport, biological, chemical, and physical pollutants originating from agricultural lands, the city and villages, and industries, erosional precipitations, illegal hunting, fodder harvesting, land tenancy, introduction of exogenous animal or plant species. Analysis of the situation and ecosystem services in the wetland shows that there are potentials for aquaculture exploitations both inside the lake (harvesting Artemia and Dunaliella) and outside (culturing Artemia in constructed ponds in wetland margins). Other important potential of the wetland is distribution of some potentially-edible (Alburnus mussulensis, Barbus barbulus, Carasobarbus luteus, Capoeta damascina, and Liza abu) or ornamental (Aphanius farsicus) fish, which show a possibility of their exploitation in culture farms around the wetland, using springs in the north-east during high-water periods.
كليدواژه :
تنوع زيستي , شرايط اكولوژي , درياچه ي آب شور , مهارلو , فارس , زيستگاههاي حيات وحش
