شناسه هاي افزوده :
نصرالله‌زاده ساروي، حسن همكار طرح , جعفري، عبدا‌لله همكار طرح , قياسي، مريم همكار طرح , واحدي، فريباجعفري همكار طرح , آذري، عبدالحميد همكار طرح , واحدي، فريبا همكار طرح , بينايي، محمد همكار طرح , فيروزكنديان، شراره همكار طرح , رجبي‌ساسي، ايرج همكار طرح , يعقوب‌زاده، زهرا همكار طرح , عرب‌احمدي، علي‌اكبر همكار طرح , محمودي، حميدرضا همكار طرح , داوودي، ايوب همكار طرح , حسيني‌كوتنايي، فرشيده همكار طرح , عابديان‌كناري، عبدالمحمد همكار طرح
چكيده انگليسي :
According to the rainbow trout production statistics in the country in 2019 (182 thousand tons) and processing of 20% from the production in the processing factories (36.5 thousand tons) is expected to produce up to 10 thousand tons of waste per year (The average waste in trout is up to 27% depending on the processed products of production). If the price of one kilogram of fish is considered 600 thousand Rials, the loss or waste due to processing will be 162000 Rials per kilogram, by calculating at least 10 thousand tons of annual production of waste from processing, 1620 billion rials are discarded annually. Waste that also causes environmental pollution. One of the suitable methods for recycling and exploitation of fish waste is silage production using chemical and biological methods, the latter method has several advantages. In order to prepare biosilage, trout wastes including head, fins, intestines and viscera, tissues left from fillet and skin, after thawing, grinding and adding water (20%) were subjected to heat treatment (85° C for 15 minutes). In the next step, a bacterial starter (10% of log 8 per ml of a mixture of autogenous lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus sp), carbohydrate source (10% sugarcane molasses) and a BHT antioxidant (0.2%) were added. After pouring the contents into 2-liter Erlenmeyer flask, the lid was tightly closed and shaked at 48-45 ° C for 48 hours. After finishing the process and separating the oil, 3% of sesame meal was added to the remaining suspension and the drying process was performed at 55-60 ° C for 24 hours. The studied parameters included proximate factors, amino acid and fatty acid profile, protein digestibility, spoilage chemical indices, microbial factors and heavy metals. The results showed that for every 5 kg of waste, 1 kg of biosilage is produced. The percentage of biosilage protein produced (61.27%) was less than Kilka fish meal (63.45%) while its digestibility (89.45%) was significantly higher than Kilka meal (67.72) (p <0.05). Total essential, non-essential and total amino acids in biosilage were 32.12, 27.06 and 59.18 g / 100 g, respectively, and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-6 to omega-3 ratio and total EPA and DHA in biosilage were 35.27, 9.73 and 2.82 percent, respectively. Results of TVB-N, PV and TBA in biosilage were 43.97 mg / 100 g of raw material, 2.61 mEq / kg of fat per kg and 1.08 mg of malondialdehyde per kg of raw material, respectively. Compared to kilka fish meal, it was in a better condition (p <0.05). Results of microbial parameters including total count of bacteria, mold and yeast, coliforms, non-Escherichia coli fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, lactic acid bacteria and Salmonella (log cfu/gr) were 8.8, 3.23, 2.72, 1.18, >1, 9.45 and negative respectively. The values of spoilage microbial parameters in biosilage were less than kilka fish meal, while the number of lactic acid bacteria in biosilage (due to the use of lactic bacteria) was higher than kilka fish meal. The amounts of Mn, Cu, Fe and Zn were 10.64, 13.72, 251.33 and 118.65 mg/kg, respectively. The final price of biosilage produced by calculating the price of raw materials, bacteria, carbohydrate sources and other items is estimated at 79,000 Rials. According to this, the price of kilka fish meal and tuna fish waste meal will be almost 3.8 times and 2.2 times the price of biosilage respectively. According to the results of the present study and comparison of these findings with other studies, it can be claimed that chemical composition, profile of amino acids and fatty acids, heavy metals, spoilage chemical indices, microbial parameters and also having probiotic bacteria is almost equivalent (and even more desirable) than other consumables for feeding livestock, poultry and aquatic animals and this product can be used as an alternative to fish meal in the formulation of aquatic diets.
