CLIMATIC CHANGES HISTORICAL REALITY OF DESERTIFICATION IN IRAQ SURROUNDING AREAS DURING LATE QUATERNARY

The Iraqi territory neighboring countries passed during geological history in many climatic variation, during which a successive periods of drought wet conditions were seen periodically, where it s impact was reflected on geological record as seen in palynological zones (pollen-diagram) .It was found that the phenomenon of desertification was very old. The study deduced that there were many periods of drought (desertification) emerged during late quaternary period (36000Y.BP- present time ), that leads to predominance of pollens spores of non- boreal vegetation that lived in this type of climate ( i.e Chenopodiaceae) . At the beginning of history climatic condition play the basic role that affected the desertification phases in Mesopotamian-plain and after the old human settle the plain make his civilization in the region he start to play an important role in increasing desertification and become the main factor affected this phenomenon in addition to the climate factors ,which played a secondary role too