حساب الخطأ الناتج عن اللاتجانس في تقنية قياس التدفق بزمن وصول النبضة فوق الصوتية

Flow measurement technology using ultrasonic waves is very promising. Although this technology is already in use, it still demonstrates a rather lousy performance in non-ideal situations. The measurement techniques using this technology can be classified into two major categories: Pulse arrival time and Doppler shift. Each of these two major techniques can be subdivided into several methods in terms of measuring the physical parameter. In this paper, we discuss the technique of pulse arrival time and the inaccuracy caused by flow inequalities. We first furnish the mathematical equations, discuss an example, and then make use of a program built by Matlab to obtain curves that illustrate the effect of various flow possibilities on accuracy. Then we turn to discuss the case when there is more than one speed of sound, gas bubble, or whirl .