شناسايي و مديريت خاك در اراضي جزر و مدي آبادان در حاشيه اروند رود

Recognition and management of tidalic soils near to coasts of Arvand River, Abadan, Iran

اين پژوهش، طي سال هاي 94–1393 به منظور شناخت اراضي جزر و مدي منطقه آبادان در نخيلات حاشيه اروندرود به اجرا درآمد. جايابي 15 سايت تحقيقاتي، تشريح نيمرخ خاك، نمونه برداري از لايه هاي مختلف و تعيين ويژگي هاي خاك، به انجام رسيد. نتايج، نشانگر آن بود كه خاك هاي آبادان، همگون و در گروه خاك هاي Tidalic Gleysols با سه لايه متمايز است. لايه قهوه اي رنگ اول با ضخامت كمتر از 80 cm، لايه زنده خاك است كه در هر پروژه عمراني و كشاورزي، نيازمند توجه ويژه مي باشد. لايه دوم با ضخامت كمتر از يك متر (به عنوان جايگاه لوله هاي زهكشي زيرزميني) حاوي نشانه هاي شرايط اكسيداسيون و احياي ناشي از نوسان سطح ايستابي است و با وجود ترك هاي عمودي و وارفتگي در شرايط خيس مشخص مي شود. لايه سوم دائماً اشباع بوده و شرايط لايه خاكستري يا زيتوني رنگ gley بر آن حاكم است. پيشنهاد مي شود با توجه به نوع و رفتار خاك، با نگاهي جامع، براي هر عمليات عمراني و كشاورزي در منطقه، حداكثر دقت اعمال گردد.

Abadan alluvial plain with layered heavy calcareous soil and high water table was irrigated and drained with stable tidal method in the past hundred years. After decreasing water quantity and quality of rivers in the region, many studies for solution of irrigation and drainage problems in palm groves were carried out from five decades ago. In this research settled in 2015, the 15 sites were selected and in each site, soil profiles were described and soil samples were taken for chemical and physical analysis. The results showed that the soils of Abadan were homogenous and could be classified as Tidalic Gleysols with 3 distinct layers. The first brown layer with less than 80 cm thickness is distinguished with plant root and biological activity, and has relatively high hydraulic conductivity and salinity in some regions. This layer must be regard carefully in any development projects. The second 100 cm layer has redoximorphic properties with visible mottling and slaking behavior. This layer must take special care for drainage systems design. The third layer is permanently saturated and has green to grey color which behaves as sticky gley. We can conclude that integrated soil and water management approach in Abadan region must be considered for any agricultural development and practices.