پديدآورندگان :
khorshiddoust Mohammad ali tabriz university , khalilzade Elnaz tabriz university , armaghan Bostanabad Saeed tabriz university
كليدواژه :
Urmia Lake is one of the world s largest salt Supersaturated lakes that located in the northwestern of Iran. nowaday it has been in danger of desiccation. Resent environmental crisis of drying up lake s water is now one of the main threats of country s geologic hazards. But the dramatic drop in Urmia lake s decreasing water level is the rate of 9 m from 1995 , while the same water level has not seen in any way in the neighboring lakes such as Lake Sevan in Armenia and Lake Van in Turkey. Beca
چكيده فارسي :
Urmia Lake is one of the important and valuable water environmental ecosystems, the great inside lake and the second salty lake throughout the world, and because of importance of ecosystem as biosphere, it has been recorded internationally and has been supported internationally. In 1973, the current lake was recorded as the national park and one of the important international ponds and the important inside immigrated birds from Pond International Conventions (Ramsar Convention) in 1975 (Ghaheri, Naziri, 1999). Urmia Lake which is 1273 m higher than white sea level (Khorshiddoost, 1988) is one of the important salty lakes throughout the world from ecosystem diversity and characteristics. Artemia Urmiana lives and reproduces in this lake as a unique hard-shell creature. It’s the food source of thousand immigrant birds which migrate here to spend the winter and reproduction (Golabian, 1389: 79). To consider the spread of water, the vastness of that was more in Pliostesen era than now (Khorshid doost, 1367). Recently, the unprecedented reduction of Urmia lake’s water is related to factures mentioned as following: making the dam, digging the illegal wills, irregular use of aquifers, using the traditional and wrong watering system, and sometimes mis- management and drought and reduction in rain amount. In recent years, has been dug 23 thousand wills near Urmia lake that 18 thousand were illegal (Ahmadian, 1392: 86). It’s not clear that if officials and policy makers responsible in rural development want to support the subject of environmental protection (Khorsid doost, 1381). In plains near the Urmia lake farmers are using the aquifers because of shortage of water, and has dug wills in the east part of lake. And irregular use of water and wrong use of that by traditional watering system have increased the dryness of lake. Because in these recent years there is no exact and formal statistics related to lake’s situation and its dryness, and its effects on economic activities and people’s health and hygiene, to find out the probable dangers we have to study the disastrous outcome of Aral lake (Najafi, 1392:3). Aral lake is a salty lake in middle Asia between Gharehghalpaghestan in Uzbekistan in south and Kazakhstan in North. It’s the second big lake in Asia and the fourth in the world with 68 thousand km. It included 1100 milliard m2 and in some places its depth reached 78 m. It was feed by Jeihuon and Seihun rivers. This lake had lost 90% of its volume because of wrong management and not considering any social and biological investigation (Ahmadi and et al. 1393: 30). The inhabitants encountered problems such as getting salty of lands and diseases caused by poison. This destruction had a huge reaction in the world and called it one of the worst environmental disasters on the earth. Therefore, considering this global experience can prevent the same in Urmia lake.
