آيا ابراهيم ادهم همان بودا‌ست؟ ( با نگاهي به تأثير بوديسم بر تصوف اسلامي )

ابواسحاق ابراهيم بن ادهم يكي از اكابر زهّاد نيمه اول قرن دوم هجري (هشتم ميلادي) و بنيان‌گذار نخستين مكتب عرفاني است. گرايش وي به گونه‌اي ويژه به زهد و فقر، از او چهره‌اي ممتاز در ادب و عرفان فارسي پديد آورد كه بعدها منشأ ايجاد سلسله‌اي مستقل با نام«ادهميّه» گشت . وجود شباهت‌هاي فراوان ميان وي و بودا و وجود انديشه‌هاي زهد‌آميز و عارفانه پيش از اسلام و نيز تأثير آن بر تصوف ، ما را بر آن داشت تا ضمن بيان پيشينه بوديسم و بوداييان در بلخ ، وجوه اشتراك و تمايز ميان آن دو را بررسي نماييم ؛ چه جريان تصوّف از جهت اشتراك جغرافيايي با بوديسم نمي‌توانست از تأثيرات آن بركنار بوده باشد.در اين زمينه اشاره‌اي هم به تحقيقات ابوريحان بيروني و داراشكوه خواهيم كرد؛ چراكه هر دوي آنان در پي يافتن وجوه اشتراك ميان عقايد و افكار ايرانيان و هنديان بوده‌اند و در اين زمينه تحقيقات گسترده‌اي دارند؛ بر اساس اين تحليل به اين نتيجه خواهيم رسيد كه به احتمال نزديك به يقين شخصيت ابراهيم ادهم همان بوداست كه در گذر زمان رنگي اسلامي و ايراني پذيرفته است .

Whether Ibrahim Adham is Buddha or not? (With a glance at the effect of Buddhism on Islamic mysticism) By: Allieh vesal sharifloo Aboo Isaac Ibrahim Ibn Adham is one of the greatest recluses of the first half of second Hijrah century (eight th. A.D.). His attitude toward a sort of renunciation of the world and voluntary indigence has made him an outstanding figure in the history of Persian literature and mysticism which later established an independent dynasty which was called as adhamieh . The present article intends to elucidate the similarities between Adham and Buddha and also studies the asceticism and mystical opinions before Islam and their effect on mysticism. The article also attempts to indicate the history of Buddhism in Balkh and the differences and similarities between Buddha and Adham. There are many similarities between Ibrahim Adham and Buddha and the renunciation and Gnostic thoughts before Islam and it s effect on mysticism caused the author to study the history of the Buddhism and followers of Buddha in Balkh and to analyze their differences and common points; since the movement of the mysticism is located in the same geographical position and therefore influenced by the mentioned events. In this way the researches of Al-Biruni and also Dara Shikoh(165-1659) are also referred to. Both of them have intensive studies on the common points between Iranian ideas and Indians The results of the survey indicate that because of geographical coincidence the mysticism movement is naturally affected by Buddhism. The author of the research concluded Ibrahim Adham in all probability is Buddha who has adopted an Iranian -Islamic attractive quality during the history based on the mentioned analysis.