Chemiluminescence determination of furazolidone in poultry tissues and water samples after selective solid phase extraction using magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles

Furazolidone (FZD) is one of the nitrofuran antibiotic drugs. It has been employed as a feed additive for growth promotion, and mainly used for poultry, cattle, and fish. In 1995, the use of furazolidone for livestock production was prohibited in the Europe due to its carcinogenicity and mutagenicity [1-3]. Therefore, development of highly sensitive and selective analytical methods for the determination of furazolidone in blood and tissues has attracted considerable interest [4]. In this work, a novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) for furazolidone was synthesized. The MMIP was prepared in the presence of the functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles as the magnetic supporter, furazolidone as the template, 4-vinylpyridine as the monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross linker, and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator. The synthesized polymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sorbent was used for the separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of furazolidone from aqueous samples before its determination using the chemiluminescence system composed of hydrogen peroxide and luminol. The effect of experimental parameters on the extraction of the analyte such as pH, the volume of sample solution, the amount of the sorbent, type and volume of eluent and extraction time were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limit of furazolidone was found to be 0.027 µg L-1. The enhancement factor was 196. The relative standard deviation (RSD) at the concentration level of 1 µg L-1 furazolidone (n = 6) was 4.7%. The method was successfully applied to the determination of furazolidone in poultry tissues and water samples.