Determination of fluoride ion in the animal feed of West Azarbaijan

In this study, a solid phase extraction /preconcentration method coupled with potentiometric technique using ion selective electrode is provided for determination of trace amounts of fluoride. Previous studies showed that Leonardite nanoparticles (LENPs) are proper adsorbents for removal of fluoride from aqueous media. Thus in this work, LENPs nanoparticles were used for extraction of trace amounts of fluoride. Important parameters for pre-concentration process such as pH, exposure time, presence of other interfering ions and adsorbent amount were evaluated and optimized. Also, required conditions for desorption of fluoride from LENPs surface were studied. As a result, 2 mL H2O2 (20 % W/W) and 30 min were selected a optimized desorption conditions. The proposed method is applicable for determination of F- in the range of 0.01- 5 mg/kg and was used for determination of fluoride ions using potentiometric technique in the case of concentrated livestock and poultry samples of West Azarbaijan [1].