Electrochemical determination of morphine using graphene nanosheets modified glassy carbon electrode

Opiates were originally available from the opium poppy include morphine, noscapine, codeine, papaverine and thebine [1]. Many analytical methods have been developed for opiates determination include gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, chemiluminescence and electrochemical techniques [2]. Electrochemical thequenics especially voltammetric methodes are more attractive because of their remrkable detectability, experimental simplicity and low cost.A new electrochemical sensor for Morphine was fabricated based on Graphene nanosheets [3] and Nafion film modified glassy carbon electrode. The modified electrode shows excellent electrocatalytic activity toward oxidation of morphine. Differential pulse voltammetry were applied to determine morphine loading capacity and Gr-Nf conductivity. Under optimized condition at pH 7.4, the peak currents have linear relationship with morphine concentrations in the range of 1 ×〖10〗^(-9) to 1 ×〖10〗^(-4) M with a detection limit of 3 ×〖10〗^(-10) M .Fast response time, signal stability, high sensitivity, low cost and ease of preparation method without using any specific electron-transfer mediator are the advantageous of the proposed sensor.