چكيده فارسي :
Detection and determination of analytes in real samples at low level by simple
analytical techniques are difficult. In such cases, preconcentration and extraction
processes can be coupled with analytical techniques. Several sample preparation
methods have been developed for the analysis of analytes, such as SPE, SPME, LLE,
LPME, DLLME AALLME and AALLME-SFOD. In the AALLME-SFOD method, a
low toxic and low density solvent with a melting point about room temperature is used
as an extraction solvent.
Different factors affect the performance of extraction steps, so the optimizations of
these parameters are more important. Response surface methodology (RSM) is
frequently used for this optimization. Multi-response optimization (MRO) is a branch of
response surface methodology that can be applied in modeling and optimization. The
desirability function approach is one of the most extensively applied methods for
optimizing multiple response processes. The goal in desirability function approach is
the finding of conditions where the independent variables leading to optimal or nearly
response variables optimal values. In this lecture, some of works were done in our
research group are presented.
An air assisted liquid–liquid microextraction by applying the solidification of a floating
organic droplet method coupled with a multivariate calibration method, namely partial
least squares was introduced for the fast and easy determination of Atenolol,
Propanolol and Carvedilol in biological samples via a spectrophotometric approach.
Derringer and Suich multi-response optimization were utilized for simultaneous
optimizing the parameters.
An air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction method coupled with a multivariate
calibration method, namely partial least squares (PLS), was developed for the extraction
and simultaneous determination of benzoic acid (BA) and sorbic acid (SA) via a
spectrophotometric approach. In this work, a two-step microextraction method was
used. In the first step, analytes were extracted from acidic aqueous solution into octanol,
as an organic solvent, and in the second step, the analytes were simultaneously
back-extracted into an alkaline aqueous solution.
In another work, we synthesized polymeric nanoparticles and used it as sorbent in
magnetic solid-phase extraction. In the first step of study, a novel super para magnetic
nanosorbent was prepared using Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles as a core and Acrylic Acid
and Acryl Amide as monomers. Central composite design was used to design
experiments and optimize extraction conditions.
Also, a simple, rapid and efficient method has been developed for extraction, and
preconcentration of copper and nickel ions in water samples by AALLME-SFOD
coupled with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Derringer and suich
method was used to find the optimal conditions for simultaneous extraction of both
analytes.
