كليدواژه :
ديوار ترومب , دودكش خورشيدي , تهويه طبيعي , شبيه سازي انرژي , بار حرارتي
چكيده فارسي :
امروزه با گسترش شهرنشيني، افزايش تقاضاي انرژي، و هزينه‌هاي رو به رشد آن، استفاده از سيستم‌هاي غيرفعال خورشيدي و جايگزين شدن انرژي‌هاي تجديدپذير به جاي سوخت‌هاي فسيلي براي حفظ اين منابع ارزشمند، نيازي مهم در صنعت ساختمان سازي است. چرا كه بخش قابل توجهي از انرژي مصرفي كشور در ساختمان‌هاي مسكوني مورد استفاده قرار مي‌گيرد و سيستم‌هاي غيرفعال توانايي قابل توجهي در رفع نياز‌هاي حرارتي ساختمان‌ها دارند. ديوار ترومب يكي از سيستم‌هاي غيرفعال خورشيدي مي‌باشد كه مي‌تواند در اقليم‌هاي داراي زمستان‌هاي سرد جهت گرمايش پايدار مورد استفاده قرار بگيرد. در زمستان اين سيستم با دريافت و ذخيره انرژي خورشيدي و انتقال آن به محيط داخلي سبب كاهش بار گرمايش محيط مي‌شود. از آنجايي كه بسياري از شهرهاي ايران در فصل زمستان سرماي هوا را تجربه مي‌كنند، اين سيستم مي‌تواند در صرفه جويي انرژي و حفظ منابع سوختي در كشورمان بسيار موثر باشد. به علاوه در تابستان با قابليت تبديل شدن به دودكش خورشيدي و افزايش نرخ تهويه طبيعي به صورت دودكشي، مي‌تواند دماي فضاي داخلي را به منطقه آسايش نزديكتر مي‌كند. در اين پژوهش با شبيه‌سازي رفتار حرارتي يك سيستم ديوار ترومب – دودكش خورشيدي از طريق نرم‌افزار انرژي‌پلاس، بار حرارتي و دماي فضا قبل و بعد از افزودن سيستم در يك نمونه فرضي در اقليم يزد محاسبه شده است تا ميزان كارايي دوگانه گرمايشي و سرمايشي اين سيستم ارزيابي قرار گيرد. از مهمترين دستاوردهاي اين پژوهش صرفه جويي 59.7 درصدي در بار حرارتي و كاهش انتشار ساليانه 3865.8 كيلوگرم گاز دي اكسيد كربن در طبيعت، در نمونه مورد پژوهش است.
چكيده لاتين :
Trombe wall is one of the passive solar systems that can be used for passive heating in climates with cold winters. In winter, the system reduces the heating load by receiving and storing solar energy and transferring it to the indoor space. Since many cities of Iran experience cold weather in winter, this system can be very effective on saving energy in our country. In addition, in the summer, due to the capability of transforming to a solar chimney and increasing rate of stack ventilation, it can make the interior space cool and reduce cooling load. In this study, a sample size of 20 square meters with west-east elongation and height of 3 meters and Trombe wall - solar chimney system on the southern facade with concrete thermal mass is considered. In addition, an external vent on top of the glass of Trombe wall and an internal vent in the bottom of the mass storage of Trombe wall are intended to have the capability to become a solar chimney. In this paper, the research method is experimental and has conducted by simulating the thermal behavior of buildings using EnergyPlus. EnergyPlus is a textual and without graphical interface software that uses ASHRAE formulas for energy computations of Buildings. To perform simulations, physical characteristics of building has defined for software and then, using software “CBE Comfort Tool”, comfort zone for analyzed space with clothing level of 1Clo and metabolic level of 1.1Met has calculated and the temperature of 21 to 26˚C is considered. Having defined comfort zones, weather information of Yazd, on average of every one hour of a year is given to the application and then, the temperature and thermal load is calculated by software based on heat balance algorithm. In the simulations, at first, the space without Trombe wall systems and solar chimneys are modeled and thermal load is calculated. Then by adding Trombe wall -solar chimney system, heating and cooling loads are calculated and then, the effects of the system is studied. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a Trombe wall - solar chimney system using simulate the thermal behavior of the system by the software EnergyPlus in the city of Yazd and check the temperature and the heat load of space before and after adding this system in order to evaluate its performance and to study the impact of this system on reducing greenhouse gases in the nature.Trombe wall - solar chimney system, as a passive solar system, with saving 1666.1kWh and 2814.8 kWh in heating and cooling load respectively and overall saving rate of 4480.9 kWh per year in thermal load led to annual energy savings equivalent to 59.7% in the research sample. The amount of energy savings has reduced annual emissions of 3865.8 kg carbon dioxide in the nature.
