Survey on Routing Protocols in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Monitoring the aqueous region of the country is done by installing underwater monitoring networks which is one of highlight applications for the development of underwater communication. Monitoring the aquatic environment and the dynamic changes in the oceans is not easy responsibility. In underwater sensor networks there are various applications for offshore exploration and monitoring of the ocean. In many applications, the network includes multiple sensor nodes that are deployed at different depths of desired area. Sensor nodes in the seabed cannot connect directly to the nodes that are closer the water surface; they need multi hop communications by proper routing scheme. In this paper, we review and compare the various routing algorithms for underwater sensor networks and highlight their major advantages and disadvantages. In addition, these algorithms are compared in terms of some performance metrics.