Sedimentology characteristics of Holocene in southern Marshes of Urmia Lake by 11 Cores

Identification of sedimentary facies, sedimentary environments and changes in these environments of Holocene can provide comprehensive and complete information on the reconstruction of sedimentary environments and their evolution. In this case, have tried to study the sedimentary of cores is taken from mareshes in the south and southwest of Urmia Lake. With regard to the sedimentology of cores, climate variation, water level fluctuation water balance and energy of environment in the catchment area has been obtained. Closed basins are the most suitable system for paleoclimate studies because of their high sensitivity to water balance between evaporation and precipitation. In this study, 11 Sedimentary cores with a maximum depth of 12m and minimum depth of 7 was taken and analyzed. Their location is shown on map (Figure 1- in attached file). These cores reconstruction the sedimentary conditions during the Holocene, 12m cores which was at most 11,000 years old based on dating analysis that has done before. Also according to Figure 2 (in attached file), the variation of the environment can be detected at different times. Three types of sedimentary environments and sometimes four types of sedimentary environments can be identified in stratigraphy columns. Results indicate that Sediments are often composed of clay, mud, and in some cases fine grained sand to coarse grains that indicating energy changes and water levels in different periods and as far as the dry land is concerned, the amount of drought facies and coarse grains is increased and with the progress of the sea, firstly, the facies of the drought (coarse and red), then the marshes facies (along with the remains of the plants and shellfragments) and Eventually, we see lake sediments (grains, green, and gray sediments).