Applying Red Deer Algorithm (RDA) to solve the Sustainable Closed-loop Supply Chain

Nowadays, the world faces the issue of sustainable integrated business network. Sustainable development attracts both researchers and industrial practitioners which are focused on the Supply Chain Network Design (SCND). In this regard, all economic, environment and social factors should be considered. Contrary to previous works, this paper addresses a sustainable closed-loop supply chain network problem by proposing a novel metaheuristic. In this regard, Red Deer Algorithm (RDA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are utilized. A comprehensive review over the related studies also is provided. In addition, the parameters of algorithm are tuned by Response Surface Method (RSM) with an MODM approach in order to improve the performance of algorithms. The results show the capability of proposed RDA to solve the developed model.