Models for an Estimation of Existing Grapevine Gene Pool Bioversity and for New Varieties Breeding

Global and local climate changes were reflected in requirements to cultivated varieties, in particular grapevine. There was a problem not only preservations of grapevine gene pool bioversity, but also breeding new grapevine varieties corresponding to modern conditions of biosphere. Grapevine as an agricultural crop is cultivated under different soil and climatic conditions. Combinations of such conditions underlie the principles of establishing individual zones of grape and wine growing where grapes are grown to be made into specific products. Also individual forms of grapevine have emerged in the course of natural evolution in such eco-geographical regions and may be divided into variety groups, variety types, eco-geographical groups and individual species. A program for immune breeding “Analog” was developed at the Institute “Magarach” and is currently underway. The program aims are to improve efficiency of grape breeding and to achieve varieties whose characteristics are distinguished for genuine novelty. We concerned ourselves with development of new grape varieties which would combine the multiple resistances to pests, diseases and unfavorable environmental factors and quality of the fruit at the best levels found in their international counterparts. The conception was proposed based on 16 major desired traits which are used for the replenishment of the selection database, the choice of the initial forms, the estimation of selected hybrid forms, and multivariate analysis of variability. The information obtained is encoded according to the OIV – Bioversity International descriptor significantly facilitating the cooperation with other research centers. The use of the developed models of new varieties enables to solve the ecological problems in the vineyards while providing high economic effectiveness and for grape obtaining.