Optimal Energy Management of an Electric Vehicle Aggregator Considering Uncertainties of Resourses

This paper determines an optimal bidding and offering strategy for an electric vehicle (EV) aggregator participating in electricity market to maximize its profits from trading energy and regulation services. In the proposed strategy, EVs owners’ behavior is considered as a key source of uncertainty that affects the deployment of the accepted offers in the course of a day. So, the ratio of dispatch to contract is used as a measuring index to study the effect of stochastic behavior of EVs on up/down regulation deployment. Through different simulation case studies, the applicability and the effectiveness of the proposed optimal bidding strategy is demonstrated. It is also illustrated that ignoring the stochastic behaviors of EV owners can lead to an improper decision-making process for aggregators and negatively affect their benefits in day-ahead (DA) energy and regulation market