نقد ديدگاه انديشمندان مسلمان در حل تعارض علم و دين در خلقت انسان

Critique of the Muslim Scholars’ viewpoint in Solving the Conflict between science and religion in the Creation of Man

چكيده پس از طرح نظريه ي تكامل، عده اي از متكلمان غربي، مسائلي از قبيل مدبرانه بودن آفرينش، اشرفيت انسان بر ساير موجودات، ارزش ها و تعاليم ديني را به چالش كشيدند. از اين رو دانشمندان مسلمان كوشيدند راه حلي مناسب براي رفع تعارض تكامل با تعاليم ديني ارائه دهند. آيات آفرينش الهي، هيچ نصّ صريحي مبني بر ثبوتي بودن يا تحولي بودن خلقت انسان ندارند، همين امر سبب شده است كه متفكرين مسلمان بر اساس ظواهر آيات، آراء و ديدگاه هاي متعدد و حتي متفاوتي ارائه دهند. پژوهش حاضر پس از طرح و بيان اجمالي سير تحول نظريه ي تكامل از آغاز تا امروز،با روش توصيفي و تحليلي، آراء و روش هاي انديشمندان مسلمان را به منظور حل تعارض ظاهري علم و دين، در زمينه خلقت انسان تبيين و بررسي مي كند. از ميان اين روش ها، مي توان روش حل تعارض از طريق تفكيك زباني را روشي موفق دانست كه با حفظ توانايي و پويايي انديشه ي ديني و پرهيز از جمود گرايي و در عين حال با حفظ خلوص و قداست متون ديني به حل تعارض ظاهري نظريه تكامل و آيات قرآن كريم نائل آمده است. كليدواژگان: خلقت، نظريه تكامل، علم، دين، تحول انواع.

Abstract Following the development of the theory of evolution, some western theologians challenged religious teachings and values by raising some issues such as the deliberate nature of creation and human’s supremacy on other creatures. Hence, Muslim scholars have tried to provide an appropriate solution to resolve the apparent contradiction between the theory of evolution and religious teachings. The verses which deal with the divine creation have no clear indications that the creation of human beings has been stable or evolutionary, this has led Muslim thinkers to offer verses, opinions, and even different views based on the apparent meanings of verses. At first, the present research outlines and describes the development of the theory of evolution from the beginning to the present by descriptive and analytical method. Then the author explains the views and methods of Muslim thinkers in resolving the apparent contradiction between science and religion in the context of human creation. From among these methods, the method of resolving contradiction/conflict through linguistic differentiation can be considered as a successful method. This method can help us maintain the ability and dynamism of religious thought and avoid intellectual stagnation on the one hand and keep the purity and sanctity of religious texts on the other. This method can resolve the apparent conflict between the theory of evolution and the verses of the Holy Qur an. Keywords: Creation, Theory of Evolution, Science, Religion, Transformation of Species