شناسايي و بررسي اكولوژيك گياهان صمغ دار استان خوزستان

Introduction and Ecological Investigation of Gum Plants in Khozestan Province

بررسي اكولوژيك گياهان صمغ¬دار استان خوزستان در سال 1395 در دانشگاه كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي رامين خوزستان انجام شد. با استفاده از منابع موجود و افراد آگاه و مطلع نسبت به جمع¬آوري گياهان صمغ¬دار استان اقدام و اطلاعاتي از قبيل نام فارسي، نام محلي، نام علمي، نام خانواده، محل پراكنش، وضعيت رويشگاه، ارتفاع از سطح دريا، اقليم، متوسط بارندگي سالانه و درجه حرارت متوسط محل رويش و گياهان همراه براي كليه گياهان يادداشت گرديد. استان خوزستان به دليل شرايط خاص اقليمي و توپوگرافي دربرگيرنده حدود 16 درصد از گونه‌هاي گياهي كشور (شامل گونه‌هاي مرتعي و جنگلي) است كه قريب به 95 خانواده، 350 جنس و حدود 1700 گونه گياهي تاكنون به‌عنوان فلور گياهي استان شناسايي‌شده است. در اين مطالعه درمجموع از گياهان شناسايي‌شده 25 تيره متعلق به درختان و درختچه‌ها مي‌باشد كه در 67 گونه و زيرگونه در مناطق مختلف استان قادر به رويش مي‌باشند. از اين تعداد 41 گونه صمغ دار، داراي مصارف درماني، صنعتي، تعليف و غيره 26 گونه فاقد استفاده سنتي و بومي در استان هستند.

This investigation was carried out for Introducing of Gum plants in Khozestan Province during 2015-2016. Gum plants were recognized based on different references and native people. These species were collected by traveling to the various parts of Khozrstan province and noted some information about species such as Persian, local, scientific and family names, geographical distribution, habitat, altitude, companion species, average annual rainfall and temperature. In addition to providing the wood needed for villagers and supplying fodder for their livestock, the available plant species is mostly important in providing secondary products including gums, resins, flowers, fruits, nuts, seeds, roots and leaves, for medicinal and industrial purposes. The present study was done through observations field to identify trees and shrubs species in province, to do it, with the aid of 1:25000 and 1:50000 topographic maps, as base maps, we’ve gone sightseeing different parts of providence. Then, by the maps and field visits, we it was attempted to specify trees and shrubs species. Samples were collected and pressed and dried by using the required equipment, and were prepared to be stored in the herbarium. Finally, the identification was done with the help of Iranian colorful flora books. The findings of the study proved the presence of 41 species from 23 families, with known useful applications, in which 16 species were trees and 25 species were shrub. 10 identified plants belonged to the Rosaceae, albeit, Rhamnaceae group of 3 species and Myrtaceae, Mimosaceae, Fabaceae, Salicaceae, Oleaceae and Ulmaceae groups of 2 tree and shrub species had the most applications in the fields of medicine and industry, among Khozestan s people. Keywords: Distribution; Tree; Region; Gum.