ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪاي ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﺎوﯾﺎر ﺗﺎس ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن درﯾﺎي ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران

Comparative evaluation of biochemical composition of Caspian seas sturgeon caviar

ﺧﺎوﯾﺎر از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﻣﺤﺒﻮبﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺮآوردهﻫﺎي درﯾﺎﯾﯽ در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ دﻧﯿﺎ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﺗﺎس ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﯾﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺧﺎوﯾﺎري ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ارزش ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪاي ﺧﺎوﯾﺎر ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺧﺎوﯾﺎري درﯾﺎي ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و ﻃﯽ آن ﺧﺎوﯾﺎر ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﻞ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ( Huso huso)، تاس ماهي ايراني ( Aciprnser persicus)، اﻣﭙﺮﯾﺎل ﯾﺎ ﺗﺎس ﻣﺎﻫﯽ روﺳﯽ(Aciprnser guldenstaedti) ، و ﺗﺎسﻣﺎﻫﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪاي ﯾﺎ اﺳﺘﺮﻟﯿﺎد(Aciprnser ruthenus) ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎﯾﯽ در ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل درﯾﺎي ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران دﯾﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. دادهﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن دادهاﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ در ﺧﺎوﯾﺎر ﺑﻠﻮﮔﺎ، ﺗﺎس ﻣﺎﻫﯽ روﺳﯽ و ازون ﺑﺮون ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ1/21 ± 28/44 ،1/12± 27/01 و 1/72 ± 59 /27 و ﻣﯿﺰان ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎن ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 1/09 ± 15/16، 1/20 ± 14/05 و 1/20 ± 58 /14(ﮔﺮم در ﺻﺪ ﮔﺮم وزن) ﺑﻮد. در ﺧﺎوﯾﺎر اﺳﺘﺮﻟﯿﺎد ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﯿﺰان رﻃﻮﺑﺖ، ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ و ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ% 36 ±51/32، % 0/32 ± 25/43 و % 0/44 ± 21/ 13 ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪه، ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ در ﺧﺎوﯾﺎر ﺗﺎسﻣﺎﻫﯽ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ(p<.05). و ﻣﯿﺰان ﭼﺮﺑﯽ در ﺧﺎوﯾﺎر ﻓﯿﻞ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺑﻠﻮﮔﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺑﻘﯿﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﻧﺪارد (05.P>0). از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان رﻃﻮﺑﺖ و ﺧﺎﮐﺴﺘﺮ در ﺧﺎوﯾﺎر ﺑﻠﻮﮔﺎ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ از ﺑﻘﯿﻪ اﺳﺖ، در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﺮﺑﻮﻫﯿﺪرات ﺧﺎوﯾﺎر ﺑﻠﻮﮔﺎ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ، ﻧﯿﺰ در ﺧﺎوﯾﺎر ﺑﻠﻮﮔﺎ از ﺗﺎس ﻣﺎﻫﯽ روﺳﯽ و اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ.

In this study the nutritional value of Caspian seas caviar has been compared and during that the caviar of Huso huso, Acipenser persicus (Persian sturgeon), Acipenser guldnstaedti (Russian sturgeon) and Acipenser ruthenus were examined. As the results showed the differences between biochemical composition of this Caspian seas product. Data have shown that the content of protein in the caviar of Huso huso, Acipenser guldnstaedti and Acipenser persicus were respectively 28.44±1.12, 27.01±1.12 and 27.59±1.72 and the content of lipid were respectively 15.16±1.09, 14.05±1.20 and 14.58±1.20. In the caviar of Acipenser ruthenus the moisture, protein and lipid content respectively 51.32±2.36%, 25.43±0.32% and 13.21±0.44% were evaluated. According to the results of published researches, the content of protein in the caviar of Persian sturgeon was lower than other species (p<0.05) and the content of lipid in Beluga was higher than other samples but there was no significant difference between them (p>0.05). On the other hand the content of moisture and ash in Beluga is lower than others, while the content of carbohydrate in Beluga in terms of quantity is higher than other samples but there was no significant difference between them (p>0.05). Numerical value of energy is higher in Beluga than Russian sturgeon and Persian sturgeon.