چكيده فارسي :
Energy is not only the driving force of global economy, but also a vital basis for human life. Development of energy storage technology is one the most important challenges of modern society. [1] As an important electrochemical energy storage devices, metal ion battery can be used as renewable energy. Improvement of portable electronic devices become more widespread in rechargeable batteries especially metal ion batteries which show appropriate performance and efficiency. [2] A lot of investigations are accomplished to develop electrodes and electrolytes in metal ion batteries and thier cycling stability, rate ability and final capacity. Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely utilized in mobile electronic devices and electric cars due to their high energy density, cycle stability and energy efficiency .Between non-lithium ion batteries, sodium-ion and magnesium-ion batteries (NIBs MIBs) are promising alternatives, due to the high abundance of their resources and safety. [1] Magnesium resources are more abundant (1.94%) than lithium (0.006%).Moreover Mg, being divalent and denser, is theoretically capable of delivering a higher volumetric energy density (3833 mA h cm-3) than Li (2061 mA h cm-3). [3] To compete with recent lithium ion batteries (LIBs), energy density, high voltage and capacity of magnesium ion batteries (MIBs) should be developed. [3] 14th Annual Electrochemistry Seminar of Iran Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), 12- 13 Dec, 2018 140 The development of rechargeable MIBs, however, still faces scientific challenges related to anode-electrolyte-cathode incompatibility and impervious layer formed on metallic Mg surface in most polar organic electrolytes. [4] However, most of anode materials suitable for LIBs can’t react electrochemically with Mg due to the complicated nature of divalent Mg2+ cation, and only a few alloying-type materials have been reported, such as Bi, Sn, Sb, Pb, In, and their alloys. In addition, a few insertion-type materials including Li4Ti5O12, FeVO4, Li3VO4, TiO2-B and layered MgNaTi3O7 was reported as alternative anode materials for MIBs. Compared with insertion-type materials, alloying-type anode materials are particularly attractive for both Li/Na/K/Mg-ion batteries owning to their high specific capacity and superior cycling performance in appropriate conditions. [4]
