Boehmite-Ligand- palladium (0): Novel, effective and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for O-arylation and N-arylation via Ullmann coupling

Palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions have been found a special place in organic reactions.1 Within the previous couple of decades, various economical heterogeneous and homogenous palladium catalysts have been used for cross-coupling reactions, particularly, C-N and C-O Ullmann-type coupling reactions.2 One of the most stable and inexpensive solid support is boehmite. Boehmite is an orthorhombic structure of aluminum oxide hydroxide (γ-AlOOH). It is notable that, boehmite nanoparticles were prepared in a green solvent (H2O) at room temperature while not the necessity for an inert atmosphere. Boehmite has some attractive features such as: thermal, chemical and mechanical stability, non‐toxicity, not air or wetness sensitive, large specific surface area and easily available and eco-friendly. Biaryl ethers have wide applications in polymer industries and are useful ligands in metal-catalyzed organic reactions.3 Therefore, during this content, we have a tendency to introduce the boehmite modified with Ligand containing palladium (0)-catalyzed C-N and C-O cross-coupling reactions of varied aryl halides with phenols and different amines in high to excellent yields (Scheme 1).