پديدآورندگان :
Mehran Mehdi Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, I. R Iran , Masoum Saeed masoum@kashanu.ac.ir Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, I. R Iran;
كليدواژه :
Nanoemulsion , Spearmint oil , Spontaneous emulsification , Mixture experimental design
چكيده فارسي :
Essential oils (EOs) are water-insoluble compounds, which are unstable in the presence of oxygen, light and temperature [1, 2]. Entrapment methods are used to overcome the essential oils problems [3]. A number of different processing methods, such as high- or low-energy methods was used for fabrication of nanoemulsions [4]. In the current work, we applied an isothermal low-energy method (spontaneous emulsification) for producing transparent spearmint nanoemulsions suitable for utilization in beverages and foods.The purpose of this study was to produce and optimize nanoemulsion of spearmint. This spontaneous emulsification was formed by titration of an organic phase (containing spearmint oil (2%), 1≤ eumulgin ≤2, 1≤ Tween 20 ≤3 and 1≤Tween 80 ≤3) into an aqueous phase (5≤ PG ≤20, 5≤ PEG 400 ≤20 and 50≤ water ≤85) with continuous stirring. Mixture experimental design [5] was applied to elevate the main and interactive impact of independent variables on the turbidity of spearmint nanoemulsion, as a response. The model was validated by correlation of determination (R2, adjusted R2 and predicted R2), and ANOVA was used to verify the adequacy of the regression model in terms of a lack of fit (LOF). ANOVA results are based on the confidence level of α=0.05, and influence of each variable should be obtained according to its probability value (P-value). Therefore, the terms with P-value ≥0.05 assume significance. The high coefficients of correlations (R2: 0.9877, adjusted R2: 0.9704 and predicted R2: 0.9145), low coefficient of variation and standard deviation show the goodness of the model. The mathematical model showed that the optimum formulation for preparation of nanoemulsion spearmint 2.00% has the desirable criteria with 2.00% of eumulgin, 3.00% of Tween 20, 2.94% of Tween 80, 19.53% of PEG 400, 19.53% of PG and 51.00% of water. Under optimum formulation, droplet size and zeta potential of the nanoemulsion were 81.28 nm and -0.480 mV, respectively. The droplet size of optimized nanoemulsion remained stable after 4 weeks of storage. These results have important implications for the design and utilization of nanoemulsions as delivery systems in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
