ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺧﺎك ﭘﻮش زﻧﺪه ﺷﻨﺒﻠﯿﻠﻪ ﺑﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ارﻗﺎم آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان

Study the effect of fenugreek living mulch on weed control and yield of sunflower cultivars

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺧﺎك ﭘﻮش زﻧﺪه در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﺳﺎل 1396 در داﻧﺸﮕﺎه رازي ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اول ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺷﻨﺒﻠﯿﻠﻪ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ )ﻋﺪم ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎك ﭘﻮش، ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺷﻨﺒﻠﯿﻠﻪ 15 روز ﻗﺒﻞ، ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن و 15 روز ﺑﻌﺪ از آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان( و ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر دوم ﺳﻪ رﻗﻢ آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان ﭘﺮوﮔﺮس، ﻓﺮخ، و ﻻﮐﻮﻣﮑﺎ( ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺧﺎك ﭘﻮش ﺑﯿﻮﻣﺎس و ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز را در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ و ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻓﺼﻞ رﺷﺪ آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داد. ﺣﻀﻮر ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻋﺪم ﮐﻨﺘﺮل )ﺑﺪون وﺟﯿﻦ(، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان را 75/8 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داد. در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﺪم ﮐﻨﺘﺮل، وﺟﻮد ﺧﺎك ﭘﻮش ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻧﺸﺪ، اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز، ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺷﻨﺒﻠﯿﻠﻪ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن و ﺑﻌﺪ از آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد را ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 1083 و 703 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻬﺒﻮد داد. ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺷﻨﺒﻠﯿﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ از آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﻋﺪم ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺷﺪ. در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد رﻗﻢ ﻻﮐﻮﻣﮑﺎ )3426 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﭘﺮوﮔﺮوس و ﻓﺮخ ﺑﻮد. اﻣﺎ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﺪم ﮐﻨﺘﺮل، اﺧﺘﻼف ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ارﻗﺎم ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﻧﺒﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﺪم ﮐﻨﺘﺮل، رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﺑﺎ آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺑﺮوز اﺛﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺧﺎك ﭘﻮش و ﺑﺮﺗﺮي ارﻗﺎم در ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

In order to study the effect of sowing living mulch on different dates on weed control and yield of sunflower, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design at Razi University during 2017. First factor was the sowing fenugreek at four levels (control (without living mulch), 15 days before sowing of sunflower, simultaneous sowing with sunflower, 15 days after sowing of sunflower) and the second factor was three sunflower cultivars (Progress, Farrokh, Lakomka). The results showed that mulch sowing reduced biomass and density of weeds at the beginning and end of the growing season of sunflower. The weeds in non-control treatment (without weeding) reduced grain yield by 75.8%. In non-control condition, the presence of mulch could not improve yield, but in control condition, sowing of fenugreek simultaneous and after sunflower improved yields by 1083 and 703 kg/ha, respectively. In control and non-control conditions sowing of fenugreek before sunflower led to significant decrease of yield. In control condition, the Lakomka yield (3426 kg/ha) was higher than Progress and Farrokh yields. However, in non-control condition the difference of cultivars was not significant. It seems that in non-control condition, weeds competition with sunflower prevents from the positive effect of mulch and cultivars superiority in yield production