اﺛﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺎك ورزي و ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﮔﻨﺪم رﻗﻢ ﺑﺎران در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﯾﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺳﺮد ﻣﺮاﻏﻪ

The efect of different levels of tillage systems and nitrogen fertilizer on Baran wheat variete grain yield under cold dryland conditions (Maragheh)

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺧﺎك ورزي ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﻨﺪم در ﺗﻨﺎوب ﻧﺨﻮد در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﯾﻢ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ 8 ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﻪ روش اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﭘﻼت ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻃﺮح ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي دﯾﻢ ﻣﺮاﻏﻪ اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺧﺎك ورزي در دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺪون ﺧﺎك ورزي )T0( و ﮐﻢ ﺧﺎك ورزي )T1( در ﮐﺮت ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ و ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ ﺻﻔﺮ )N45) 45 (،N30) 30 (،N0(و 60 )N60( ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺧﺎﻟﺺ در ﮐﺮت ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﺧﺎك ورزي اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل 1% ﺑﺮ روي رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺧﺎك در ﻋﻤﻖ 0-15 و 30-45 داﺷﺖ و در ﻋﻤﻖ 15-30 در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل 5% ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮات دو ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ و ﺳﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﺧﺎك ورزي ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺑﺮ روي ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﺪاﺷ.ﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎل ﭼﻬﺎرم اﺟﺮا و ﻣﺼﺮف 45و 60 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺧﺎﻟﺺ )ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي Y4N45و Y4N60( اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داﺷﺖ و اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺑﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ دو ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸ.ﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ و ﺑﺪون ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﺧﺎك ورزي در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺳﺮد ﺑﺎ رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﺗﻨﺎوب ﻧﺨﻮد رﻗﻢ ﺳﺎرال ، در ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﮔﻨﺪم ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ 15 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر در ﻣﺼﺮف ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ.

In order to investigate effects of different tillage systems and different nitrogen fertilizer rates on wheat grain yield with chickpea rotation in rainfed cold conditions, experiments were conducted in split plot arrangemnt based on randomized complete block design in 8 treatments with three replications for four years in Two chickpea and wheat phases from 1393-1397. Tretments of tillage systems were No tillage (T0) and minimum tillage (T1) as a main plots and nitrogen fertilizer application rates were as subplot with four levels 0 (N0), 30 (N30), 45 (N45) and 60 (N60) kilogram per hectare. Data of these experiments were collected and analysed according to research method (GENESTAT and MSTATC). The effects of tillage system were significantly different for soil moisture at 0-15 and 30-30 at 1% 15-15% at 5% probability level. At all soil depths, No tillage treatments had greater moisture contents than minimum tillage treatments. Three way interaction effects of year, tillage and nitrogen showed that treatments were not significant on collected data. Interaction effects of year (Y) and nitrogen (N) levels were significantly different, where showed that Y4N45 and Y4N60 treatments had the highest grain yield. From this study it can be concluded with rotaion of chick pea with conservation tillage, nitrogen requirement can reduced at least 15 kg/ha of nitrogen for grain yield of Baran wheat.