اﺛﺮ روشﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري و ﻧﻈﺎمﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﻨﺪم در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ On-farm

Effects of irrigation techniques and tillage systems on yield and yield components of wheat under on-farm conditions

اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻧﻈﺎمﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي و روش آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﻨﺪم، در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1396-97 ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﭘﻼت ﻧﻮاري در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت و آﻣﻮزش ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي اﺟﺮا ﺷ.ﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ دو روش ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي )راﯾﺞ و ﺷﺨﻢ ﺣﺪاﻗ(ﻞ و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ دو روش آﺑﯿﺎري ﻧﺸﺘﯽ )ﻓﺎرو( و ﻗﻄﺮهاي( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 10و 1 ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ راﯾﺞ ﺑﻮد. روش ﻗﻄﺮهاي ﺑﺮاي آﺑﯿﺎري در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﺸﺘﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﺎه ﮔﻨﺪم ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 8، 21 و 36 درﺻﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس، آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮهاي ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف آب و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﮔﻨﺪم ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد.

In order to study the effects of tillage systems and irrigation methods on yield and yield components of wheat, a field experiment was conducted as strip plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center during 2017-2018. Main and sub plots were two tillage systems (including conventional and reduced tillage systems) and two irrigation methods (such as furrow and drip), respectively. The results revealed that the seed yield and biological yield were significantly increased in reduced tillage compared to conventional tillage up to 10 and 1 percent, respectively. Also, seed yield, biological yield and straw yield were significantly enhanced affected as drip irrigation compared to furrow irrigation up to 8, 21 and 36 percent, respectively. Generally, drip irrigation enhanced wheat yield and declined water use. This research indicates that drip irrigation and reduced tillage could be considered as successfully approach in sustainable management in wheat production system.