مطالعه برخي ويژگي هاي ريخت شناسي بوته هاي بذري و عملكرد بذر منوژرم چغندرقند ( Beta (vulgaris L تحت تأثير برهمكنش تاريخ كاشت، مقادير نيتروژن و تراكم بوته

Study of some morphological characteristics of seed bearing plants and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) monogerm seed yield, influenced by planting date, nitrogen values and plant density interactions

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﻮﺗﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺬري و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺬر ﻣﻨﻮژرم ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ )رﻗﻢ ﻫﯿﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﭘﺎرس( ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ، ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ و ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 36 ﺗﯿﻤﺎر در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺑﺬر اﻟﯿﺖ ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ﻓﯿﺮوزﮐﻮه در ﺳﺎل 1392، اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ، ﺑﻪﻃﻮريﮐﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 10 و 30 ﺗﯿﺮ و 19 ﻣﺮداد، ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 10، 20، 30 و 40 ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ و ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 25 درﺻﺪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﺣﺪ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ، ﺣﺪ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ و 25 درﺻﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺣﺪ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﻮد. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ، ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ ﺳﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ، ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ و ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺎل ﻗﺒﻞ، ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ اﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺬري ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﺎﻗﻪ اﺻﻠﯽ و ﻓﺮﻋﯽ، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﺮگ، ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﺑﺬر، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﮐﻞ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺬر ﺧﺎم و ﺑﺬر ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺮوش اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺬر ﺧﺎم و ﺑﺬر ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺮوش، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ 122/31و 43/74 ﮔﺮم در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ از ﺑﻮﺗﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺬري ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﺪه از ﮐﺎﺷﺖ رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺗﯿﻤﺎري 10 ﺗﯿﺮ × ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ 10 ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ × ﻣﺼﺮف ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﺣﺪ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ و 10 ﺗﯿﺮ × ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ 40 ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ × ﻣﺼﺮف ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن 25 درﺻﺪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﺣﺪ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ، ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ )275/75 ﮔﺮم در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ(، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﺬر )182/99 ﮔﺮم در ﺑﻮ(ﺗﻪ و وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﮐﻞ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ )495/00 ﮔﺮم در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ( ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺬري ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺗﯿﻤﺎري 10 ﺗﯿﺮ × ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ 10 ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ × ﻣﺼﺮف ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﺣﺪ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ.

To study some morphological characteristics of seed bearing plants and sugar beet monogerm (cv. Pars) seed yield, Obtained from the combination of planting date, plant density and nitrogen values, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 36 treatments in four replications at Firouzkooh Sugar Beet Seed Research Station in 2013, in which the planting date consisted of three levels of 1 July, 21 July and 10 August, plant density at four levels consisted of 10, 20, 30 and 40 plant.m-2 and nitrogen at three levels consisted of 25% less than optimum, optimum and 25% more than optimum. Experimental treatments were based on the factorial combinations of different levels of planting date, plant density and nitrogen values that were used in the previous year to investigate the interaction effect of these factors on sugar beet steckling characteristics. Traits of number of branches and main stems, dry weight of leaf, stem and seed, plant total dry weight and crude and standard-viable seed yield were measured. The greatest crude and standard-viable seed yield (122.31 and 43.74 g.plant-1, respectively) were related to the seed bearing plants produced from planting the stecklings which were resulted in the treatment combination of planting date of 1 July × plant density of 10 plant.m-2 × nitrogen application at optimum level and planting date of 1 July × plant density of 40 plant.m-2 × nitrogen application at 25% less than optimum level, respectively. The highest values of stem dry weight (275.75 g.plant-1), seed dry weight (182.99 g.plant-1) and plant total dry weight (495.00 g.plant-1) were related to planting the stecklings obtained from the treatment combination of planting date of 1 July × plant density of 10 plant.m-2 × nitrogen application at optimum level.