ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ردﯾﻒ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز رﻗﻢ ﭘﮕﺎه ﺳﻮرﮔﻮم Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

The effect of planting date and row spacing on grain yield and weed control in Pegah cultivar of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ردﯾﻒﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﺳﻮرﮔﻮم رﻗﻢ ﭘﮕﺎه، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﺗﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن در ﺑﻬﺎر و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 1393 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ 10 و 25 ﺧﺮداد و 9 ﺗﯿﺮ و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ردﯾﻒ ﮐﺸﺖ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ 50، 60 و 70 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد. درﺻﺪ ﺣﻀﻮر، ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ و وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺳﻮرﮔﻮم ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺣﻀﻮر ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎج ﺧﺮوس و ﺳﻠﻤﻪ ﺗﺮه ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ 23/17 و 20/9 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺮ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺗﺎج ﺧﺮوس و ﺳﻠﻤﻪ ﺗﺮه و ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺗﺎج ﺧﺮوس در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ و ﺑﺮ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺳﻠﻤﻪ ﺗﺮه در ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻨﺞ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ردﯾﻒ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺮ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ و ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺗﺎج ﺧﺮوس و ﺳﻠﻤﻪ ﺗﺮه در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار داﺷﺖ. ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ و ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺗﺎج ﺧﺮوس و ﺳﻠﻤﻪ ﺗﺮه در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺸﺖ اول )10 ﺧﺮداد( و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ردﯾﻒ 50 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ 10 ﺧﺮداد و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ردﯾﻒ 60 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 4036/75 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﺳﻮرﮔﻮم و دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ 10 ﺧﺮداد و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ردﯾﻒ 60 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺸﺖ رﻗﻢ ﭘﮕﺎه ﺳﻮرﮔﻮم در ﺗﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن و ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

In order to study the effect of planting date and row spacing on grain yield and weed control in Pegah cultivar of sorghum, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with nine treatments in four replications at research field of faculty of agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Takestan in spring and summer 2014. The planting date consisted of three levels of 31 May, 15 and 30 June and the row spacing at three levels consisted of 50, 60 and 70 centimeters. The measured variables included percentage of presence, dry weight and density of weeds, as well as grain yield of sorghum. The highest percentage of weed presence was related to redroot pigweed and fat-hen with 23.17 and 20.9 percent, respectively. The results showed that the planting date had significant effect on dry weight of redroot pigweed and fat-hen and density of redroot pigweed at 1% probability level and on density of fat-hen at 5% probability level. Also the row spacing had significant effect on dry weight and density of redroot pigweed and fat-hen at 1% probability level. The least dry weight and density of redroot pigweed and fat-hen were related to the first planting date (31 May) and the row spacing of 50 cm. The greatest grain yield was obtained in the planting date of 31 May and the row spacing of 60 cm with an average of 4036.75 kg.ha-1. According to the results, in order to control the weeds of Pegah cultivar of sorghum and achieve the greatest grain yield, the planting date of 31 May and the row spacing of 60 cm is recommended for the cultivation of Pegah cultivar of sorghum in Takestan region and similar areas.