ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﺬر ﺟﻮ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ زارع در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس

Study on reduction of barley seed consumption in the farmer conditions in west Fars province

ﺟﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﯿﺮه ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز دام و ﻃﯿﻮر، ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر اﯾﻔﺎ ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺬر، اﺳﺎس ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت زراﻋﯽ را ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اوﻟﯿﻦ ﻧﻬﺎده ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ در اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺻﻔﺎت ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل، داراي ﻧﻘﺶ ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﮑﺎري اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪون اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﺬر ﺧﻮب و اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪه، ﺣﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺮف و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻧﻬﺎده ﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي زراﻋﯽ 1395-96و 1396-97 ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮوع ﮐﺸﺖ ﺟﻮ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺮاي اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ، در زﻣﯿﻦ زارﻋﯿﻦ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﻧﮑﺎر ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ ﺑﺬر ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ )50، 100، 150، 200 و 250 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( ﺑﺬر ﺟﻮ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺬري ﺣﺪود 1000 ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ، ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﻣﻌﻤﻮل و راﯾﺞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺳﺒﺰ ﺷﺪن و اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﯿﺎه، درﺻﺪ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻌﺪ از ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﭘﻨﺠﻪ زﻧﯽ، درﺻﺪ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭘﻨﺠﻪ ﯾﺎدداﺷﺖ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ، اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ ﺑﺎرور، وزن ﻫﺰارداﻧﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد در واﺣﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس )ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺮودﺷﺖ(، ﻣﺼﺮف 100 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺬر در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ را دارا ﺑ.ﻮد در اﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﺎﻻي ﺑﺬر ﺟﻮ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﻧﮕﺮدﯾﺪ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳ.ﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ زراﻋﯽ از ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﺎﻻي ﺑﺬر ﮐﺎﺳﺖ.

Barley has played a very important role in the food security of the country as a food requirement for livestock and poultry. Seeds form the basis of crop production and have an undeniable role as the first input in the transmission of genetic traits. Without the use of well-modified seed, even maximum inputs and yields cannot achieve maximum yield. An experiment was carried out in Fars province in autumn of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at the same time as barley cultivation. In order to perform this experiment, seed propagation of different levels (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg/ha) of barley seed at each seed treatment level of about 1000 m2 was individually cultivated by conventional and conventional methods. After emergence and complete establishment of the plant, the percentage of plant green was evaluated. After tillering, percent and number of tillers were recorded. At harvest, yield components including number of spikes per m2, number of fertile spikes, 1000 grain weight, number of grains per spike and yield per unit area were evaluated. The results showed that in Fars province (Marvdasht), 100 kg / ha of seed had the highest grain yield. In this province, high consumption of barley seeds not only increased grain yield but also increased production costs. According to the results of this experiment, proper seed management can reduce the high seed consumption.