مقايسه گندم ايمر Triticum dicoccum و دوروم (Triticum durum) از نظر خصوصيات كيفيتي و محتواي آهن و روي دانه

Comparing Emmer (Triticum dicoccum) and Durum (Triticum durum) wheats for quality, iron and zinc content of grains

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺘﯽ و رﯾﺰﻣﻐﺬيﻫﺎي داﻧﻪ، دوازده ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﮔﻨﺪم ﺗﺘﺮاﭘﻠﻮﺋﯿﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺸﺖ رﻗﻢ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه دوروم ).T. turgidum ssp. durum L( و ﭼﻬﺎر وارﯾﺘﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﭘﻮﺷﯿﻨﻪدار اﯾﻤﺮ )T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum L( در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ دو ﺗﮑﺮار در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1396 ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ، ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺻﻔﺎت ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ داﻧﻪ، ﺳﺨﺘﯽ داﻧﻪ و ﻫﮑﺘﻮﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري داﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از وﺟﻮد ﺗﻨﻮع ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪاﯾﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﻮد. ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ، زﯾﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﯾﻤﺮ در ﻫﻤﻪي ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﺠﺰ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي آﻫﻦ داﻧﻪ و ﻫﮑﺘﻮﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دوروم ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺑﻮد و در ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي روي و ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ داﻧﻪ، ﻋﺪد زﻟﻨﯽ، ﻫﮑﺘﻮﻟﯿﺘﺮ و رﻃﻮﺑﺖ داﻧﻪ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺎ زﯾﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ دوروم داﺷﺖ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، 12رﻗﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم ﺗﺘﺮاﭘﻠﻮﯾﯿﺪ را ﺑﻪ دوﮔﺮوه ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﭼﻬﺎر ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﮔﻨﺪم اﯾﻤﺮ)ﺧﻮﯾﮕﺎن، ازﻧﺒﻼغ، زرﻧﻪ، ﺳﯿﻨﮕﺮد( در ﯾﮏ ﮔﺮوه و ﻫﺸﺖ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﮔﻨﺪم دوروم )دﻧﺎ، ﯾﺎواروس، ﺳﺎﺟﯽ، ﺷﻮآ، ﮐﺮﺧﻪ، ﺷﺒﺮﻧﮓ، ﺑﻬﺮﻧﮓ، آرﯾ(ﺎ در ﮔﺮوه دﯾﮕﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﮔﻨﺪمﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﯾﻤﺮ، ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ژﻧﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﺻﻼح ﮔﻨﺪم دوروم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ.

To investigate some qualitative and micronutrient characteristics of grains in 12 tetraploid wheats including eight genotypes of durum and four local varieties of hulled emmer an experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with two replications during 2017 cropping season. Results of analysis of variance showed that among studied genotypes, grain protein content, grain hardness and test weight were significantly different (p<0.01) indicating a substantial variation for these traits. Mean comparison revealed that emmer genotypes were superior to durum in all studied traits except for grain iron content and test weight. Grain protein content, zeleny number, test weight and grain moisture content were significantly higher for emmer genotypes when compared to durum ones. Cluster analysis divided the 12 tetraploid wheat genotypes into two distinct groups with four genotypes of emmer wheat (Khoygan, Ozonbelagh, Zarneh, Singerd) in one group and the eight durum wheat genotypes (Dena, Yavaros, Saji, Shwa, Karkheh, Shabrang, Behrang, Aria) in the other group. Based on these findings emmer wheat maybe suggested a potential gene source for durum wheat improvement.