ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ در ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺎن ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﯾﻢ

Identification of drought-tolerant genetic sources in bread wheat under rain-fed conditions

در دﻫﻪﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ، ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽﻫﺎ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮه داﻣﻨﻪ آن را ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺿﺮورت ﺑﺴﯿﺎري ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﯿﻢ ﻻﯾﻦﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ژنﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﯿﻢ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر 156 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻫﻔﺖ رﻗﻢ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي دﯾﻢ ﺷﯿﺮوان )ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ( ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻃﺮح آﮔﻤﻨﺖ ﭘﯿﺎده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﻃﻮل ﻓﺼﻞ رﺷﺪ و ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژي و ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ از ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ داﻣﻨﻪ، وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ و ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎي ﭘﻼت ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ داراي ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ اول و ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﮐﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ دوم ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ اول، ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻧﺎم ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪ و ﺻﻔﺎت وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ و وﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﮐﻪ داراي ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﮐﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ اول و ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ زﯾﺎد ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ دوم ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﺑﻨﺎم ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي آن ﻧﺎم ﮔﺬاري ﮔﺮدﯾ.ﺪ در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان اﻇﻬﺎر داﺷﺖ، ژرم ﭘﻼﺳﻢ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ داراي ﺗﻨﻮع ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺻﻔﺖ زودرﺳﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺸﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي اﺻﻼﺣﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﯾﻢ، ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري و ﺳﻮدﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮد.

In recent decades, climate changes have complicated the prediction of drought frequency and extent in the Mediterranean Basins. Therefore, more genetic sources are needed to identify lines carrying genes for tolerance and adaptation to drought conditions. For this purpose, a germplasm of 156 bread wheat Iranian landraces along with seven check cultivars in Dry land Agricultural Research Station, of Shirvan (North Khorasan-Iran) performed as augmented design. Observations were made on phonology and morphology traits during growth season and after harvesting. The results indicated that plant height and grain yield possessed the largest rates of range, variance and coefficient of variation. Principal component analysis biplot showed phonology traits had high amounts of first component and low amounts of second component; therefore, first component was named phonology traits component. As the same way, thousand of kernel weight and grain yield traits contained low amounts of first component and high amounts of second component; accordingly, second component was named yield and related traits component. In general, the studied germplasm showed high variegation and early trait has been known as a selective index who breeders can utilize such a properties in breeding programs under rain-fed to produce new cultivars with particular attributes.