ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﮐﯿﻔﯽ آرد ﮔﻨﺪم ﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﯿﻨﻪ دار و ﻧﻮﯾﻦ در ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ رژﯾﻢ ﻫﺎي رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ و ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن

A comparative study on the qualitative characteristics of flour of hulled and modern wheats in response to nitrogen and moisture levels

آب و ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﻣﺤﺪود ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪات ﮐﺸﺎورزي در ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺟﻬﺎن، ﺑﺨﺼﻮص در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺸﮏ و ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮت ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه-ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ )ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻣﺮﮐﺐ( اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اﺻﻠﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ رژﯾﻢ رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ در دو ﺳﻄﺢ )40درﺻﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﻫﺪو 80 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺧﺸﮑﯽ( و ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻠﯽ از ﻫﻔﺖ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﮔﻨﺪم ﻫﺎي ﺗﺘﺮا و ﻫﮕﺰاﭘﻠﻮﺋﯿﺪ )ﺟﻮﻧﻘﺎن، زرﻧﻪ، ﺳﯿﻨﮕﺮد، ﺷﻬﺮﮐﺮد، ﺧﻮﯾﮕﺎن، ﯾﺎواروس و روﺷﻦ( و دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن )30 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم و 100 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺧﺎﻟﺺ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎ(ر ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﯿﻨﻪ دار در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ از ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﺎن، ﺳﺨﺘﯽ داﻧﻪو ﺣﺠﻢ رﺳﻮب زﻟﻨﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ وﻟﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ در ﮔﻨﺪم ﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﯿﻨﻪ دار ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻨﺪم ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ، در ﻫﺮ دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ از ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﺎن، ﺣﺠﻢ رﺳﻮب زﻟﻨﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﯿﻨﻪ دار ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ وﻟﯽ ﺳﺨﺘﯽ داﻧﻪ آن ﻫﺎ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ ﮐﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻨﺪم ﭘﻮﺷﯿﻨﻪ دار از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﮐﯿﻔﯽ آرد و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ آن ﻫﺎ در اﺛﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آب و ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺎ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ ﮔﻨﺪم ﻫﮕﺰا و ﺗﺘﺮاﭘﻠﻮﺋﯿﺪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎي ﭼﺸﻤﮕﯿﺮي داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.

Water and nitrogen are known as two prime limiting factors for agricultural production, at least in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. A 3-replicate split-plot randomized complete block design field experiment was conducted to assess potential differences among hulled and modern wheat genotypes to these limiting factors. Two levels of irrigation (i.e. irrigation after 40 and 80% depletions of available soil water) were chosen as main-plots. Seven tetra and hexaploid wheat genotypes including five tetraploid hulled wheat accessions (consisting Joneghan, Khoyeghan, Zarneh, Singerd, Share- Kord) and the Yavaroos tetraploid and Roushan hexaploid modern wheat cultivars along with two levels of nitrogen (i.e. 50 and 100 kg ha-1 N) were assigned as sub-plots.The results of the experiment showed that the modern genotypes compared to the hulled wheats in optimum moisture conditions, bread volume, grain hardness and Zeleny sediment volume were higher. In addition, at both levels of nitrogen fertilizer the modern genotypes had higher bread volume, Zeleny sediment volume than hulled wheats but their grain hardness was lower. Our data are indicative of notable differences in the response of hulled wheats to N and moisture levels, compared to the modern tetra and hexaploid genotypes.