ﺷﮑﺴﺖ ﺧﻮاب ﺑﺬر ﭼﻬﺎر اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﮔﯿﺎه داروﺋﯽ ﭼﻮﯾﻞ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﮐﺸﺖ روﯾﺎن

Breaking seed dormancy of four ecotypes of medicinal plant Chavil by embryo culture

ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ ﭼﻮﯾﻞ )Ferulago angulata ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﭼﺘﺮﯾﺎن ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﺑﺬر ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد، وﻟﯽ ﺧﻮاب ﺑﺬر ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪود ﮐﻨﻨﺪه اي در ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه اﺳﺖ.ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﮐﺸﺖ درون ﺷﯿﺸﻪ اي و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ و ﻧﻮع رﯾﺰﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺷﮑﺴﺖ ﺧﻮاب ﺑﺬر در ﮔﯿﺎه ﭼﻮﯾﻞ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ ﺑﺮﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻬﺎر اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ و ﺳﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ از ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻣﻮراﺷﯿﮓ و اﺳﮑﻮگ)ﯾﮏ ﭼﻬﺎرم، ﯾﮏ دوم و ﮐﺎﻣﻞ( ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺬور ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه ﭘﺲ از ﺿﺪﻋﻔﻮﻧﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺬر ﮐﺎﻣﻞ، ﺑﺬر ﻧﺼﻒ ﺷﺪه و روﯾﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮق اﻟﺬﮐﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧ.ﺪ در اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ، روﯾﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺑﻌﺪ از 3-6 روز ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زدﻧﺪ. اﻣﺎ درﺑﺬور ﮐﺎﻣﻞ و ﺑﺬور ﻧﺼﻒ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻫﯿﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺖ روﯾﺎن، ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ و ﻧﻮع اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﻫﻤﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ اي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮار دادﻧﺪ.ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﮐﺸﺖ درون ﺷﯿﺸﻪ اي روﯾﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺑﺬري ﮔﯿﺎه ﭼﻮﯾﻞ روي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ 1/4MS روش ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮاب ﺑﺬر ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ.

Ferulago angulata is an important medicinal plant belonging to the Apiaceae family and is a seed propagated plant. But, seed dormancy is a main limiting factor in seed germination and propagation of this plant. In order to evaluate the efficiency of in vitro culture, and also culture medium composition and explant type for breaking dormancy of Ferulago angulata seeds, a factorial experiment based on CRD was conducted with five replications. The treatments consisted of four ecotypes and three different concentrations of MS medium (1/4, 1/2 and complete) and explant type (seed or embryo). Seeds were surface sterilized and cultured and then, intact seeds, half- seeds and embryos were cultured on culture medium. The results indicated that the embryos germinated after 3 to 6 days depending on the ecotype. However, no seed germination in intact and half-seed cultures was occurred. The results of embryo culture showed that the effect of culture medium and ecotype significantly influenced the percentage of seed germination, steam and root length, and shoot fresh weight. In vitro culture of Ferulago angulata seed embryos on 1/4MS medium provides an effective and simple method to overcome seed dormancy.