تأثير تنش خشكي، تراكم كاشت و زمان برداشت بر عملكرد و كيفيت علوفه كوشيا (Kochia scoparia) در كرمان

Effect of drought stress, planting density and harvest time on yield and quality of kochia (Kochia scoparia) in Kerman

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت زراﻋﯽ ﮐﻮﺷﯿﺎ )Kochia scoparia L.( ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ، ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ و زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﺳﺎل 1397 ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﭘﻼت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 4 ﺗﮑﺮار در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮐﺮﻣﺎن اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس 50 ، 70 و 90 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ آب ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺧﺎك ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ و ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﮐﺸﺖ )166600و 333300 ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( و زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ )ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻏﻨﭽﻪ دﻫﯽ و اﺑﺘﺪاي ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮔﻞ دﻫﯽ( ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎر آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس 50 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺧﺎك )آﺑﯿﺎري ﻧﺮﻣﺎ(ل ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ35503و 8357 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺑﺮﺗﺮي ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري داﺷ.ﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﺮوع ﮔﻞ دﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 33185و 8776 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎرﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻏﻨﭽﻪ دﻫﯽ ﺑﺮﺗﺮي ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري داﺷﺖ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﻣﺎده آﻟﯽ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺧﺎﮐﺴﺘﺮ در ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر آﺑﯿﺎري ﻧﺮﻣﺎل )آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس 50 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺧﺎك( ﺗﻌﻠﻖ داﺷﺖ.

In order to study forage yield and some agronomic traits of koshia (Kochia scoparia L.) under drought stress, planting density and harvest time an experiment was conducted in 2018 at Agricultural Research Station in Kerman, Iran. A randomized complete block design arranged in a split factorial was used with four replications. Drought stress at three levels based on 50, 70 and 90% soil moisture depletion respectively, were compared in the main plots. Planting density (166600 and 333300 plant ha-1) and harvest time (before budding and start flowering stage) as factorial combinations were compared in the Subplots. Irrigation treatment based on 50% soil moisture depletion (normal irrigation) with production of 35503 and 8357 kg ha-1 fresh and dry forage respectively, had significantly higher forage yield than other drought stress treatments. Fresh and dry forage yield at flowering stage were 33185 and 8776 kg ha-1, respectively, which were significantly higher than pre budding stage. The highest amount of organic matter and the lowest percentage of ash in forage belonged to normal irrigation (irrigation based on 50% soil moisture depletion).