اﺛﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﭘﯿﺮي ﺗﺴﺮﯾﻊ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻻز در ﺑﺬر ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺑﺮاﺳﯿﮑﺎ ﮐﻠﺰا و ﺧﺮدل وﺣﺸﯽ

Effect of accelerated aging on seed germination properties and catalase activity of Canola and Wild mustard

ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ زوال در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺬر ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﯾﮏ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. زوال ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺧﻮد، اﺛﺮات اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻫﻨﮕﻔﺘﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ دارد. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﺳﺎل 1397-1398 در آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﺑﺬر ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ژﻧﺘﯿﮏ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ راﻣﯿﻦ ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺬر ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﮐﻠﺰا و ﺧﺮدل وﺣﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺛﺮات آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻠﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ و در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ در اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ، ﺳﻄﻮح زوال ﺗﺴﺮﯾﻊ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 0، 24، 48، 72 و 96 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ و ﻧﻮع ﮔﯿﺎه ﮐﻠﺰا )رﻗﻢ ﺳﺎري ﮔﻞ( و ﺧﺮدل وﺣﺸﯽ ﺑﻮد. روش آزﻣﻮن ﭘﯿﺮي ﺗﺴﺮﯾﻊ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس روش ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي اﯾﺴﺘﺎ، در دﻣﺎي 45 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد و در رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ 99 درﺻﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر زوال ﺗﺴﺮﯾﻊ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. ﮐﻠﺰا از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮدل ﺑﺮﺗﺮي داﺷﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﮔﯿﺎه ﮐﻠﺰا ﭘﺲ از ﮔﺬﺷﺖ 53/2 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ 50 درﺻﺪ از ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺧﻮد را از دﺳﺖ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ داد و ﺷﯿﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺸﯽ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 1/57- ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ؛ اﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺮدل وﺣﺸﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار 50 درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه در 50/25 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ زوال اﺗﻔﺎق ﻣﯽاﻓﺘﺪ. روﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻻز ﻫﺮ دو ﺑﺬر ﺧﻄﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺸﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ اﻟﺒﺘﻪ در ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﺰا ﺑﺎ ﺷﯿﺐ ﺳﺮﯾﻌﺘﺮي در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺮدل وﺣﺸﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ.

Seed longevity and aging tolerance is varied among plants from the same family. Seed deterioration has huge economic impact in addition to its ecological role. A factorial experiment was conducted at seed technology laboratory of department of plant production and genetics, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan in 2018 to investigate the effects of accelerated aging test on seed germination and catalase activity if Canola and Wild mustard based on the randomized block design with three replications. Accelerated aging (0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hour) as first factor and second factor was type of plant Canola (cv. SariGol) and Wild mustard. Accelerated aging was performed based on recommended procedure by (ISTA) under 99% relative humidity and 45 oC. Analysis of variance showed that there was significant effect for all studied treatments. Results revealed that canola seed germination declined about 50% of its primary viability after 53.2 hour of accelerated aging with the decreasing slope of -1.57. while Wild mustard seed germination loss 50% of its viability after 50.25 hour. There was linear reduction in Catalase activity for both plants but the reduction slope was bigger in Canola compared with Wild mustard seeds.