اثر آبياري با آب شور و محلول پاشي سولفات پتاسيم بر برخي خصوصيات فيزيولوژيك و ميزان تشعشع كنوپي پنبه (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

The effect of saline water irrigation and foliar application of K2SO4 on physiological traits and canopy sunlight rate in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺷﻮري آب آﺑﯿﺎري و ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺸﻌﺸﻊ ﮐﻨﻮﭘﯽ دو ﻣﻮﺗﺎﻧﺖ ﭘﻨﺒﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ.آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮت ﻫﺎي ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺷﻮري رودﺷﺖ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن در ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 94-93 ﺑﻪ اﺟﺮا در آﻣ. ﺪ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﺮت ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ آب داراي ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ 4 )ﺷﺎﻫ،ﺪ ( ﻫﺸﺖو 12 دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ و ﮐﺮت ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ ﺳﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ )ﻣﻮﺗﺎﻧﺖ ال ام 1673 و ال ام 1303 و ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺷﺎﯾﺎن( ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺻﻔﺮ، دو، ﭼﻬﺎر و ﺷﺶ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در1000 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ آب در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي آب ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺑﺮگ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اول و در ﻫﻤﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﻮري ﻫﺸﺖ دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ و ﺣﺪود 80 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ و در اﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻮري ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ. ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﮐﻠﺮﻓﯿﻞ ﻧﯿﺰ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ 59% ﺑﻮد و ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺷﻮري آب آﺑﯿﺎري از ﻣﯿﺰان آن ﮐﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﻮري 12 دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ 54% رﺳﯿﺪ. در رﻗﻢ ﺷﺎﯾﺎن ﺗﺸﻌﺸﻊ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دو رﻗﻢ دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻒ ﮐﻨﻮﭘﯽ رﺳﯿﺪ.

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of salinity of irrigated water and foliar application of potassium sulfate on some physiological characteristics and and canopy sunlight rate of two mutant cottons. The experiment was laid out using of split factorial arrangement based on complete block design with four replications in Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Center, Rudasht, Isfahan, Iran during 2014-2015. In this study, experimental treatments were three irrigation water [4 (as control), 8 and 12 dS m-1] at main plots and three cotton genotypes (LM1673, LM1303 and Shayan) with four levels of K2SO4 such as 0 (as control), 2, 4 and 6 kg in 1000l/ha in sub plots. The results showed no significant decrease in yield with increasing of salinity levels of irrigation water from 4 to 8 dS.m-1, while when using 12 dS.m-1 saline water for irrigation, lint cotton yield reduced as 48.5% compared to control (4 dS.m-1) and fell from 4174 to 2149 kg per ha. Foliar application of potassium sulfate treatment at rate of 4 kg per hectare had the highest yield was 4425 kg per hectare compared to the control (2462 kg) was 55% increasing of yield, but had not significant differences with 2 and 6 kg per hectare sulfate potassium treatments. Between genotypes, LM-1303 genotype had the highest lint yield in rate of 3721 kg per hectares that had significant differences with Shayan genotype (3165 kg per hectares). Highest RWC in first sampling at all foliar application of potassium sulfate treatments was obtained in 8 dS.m-1 treatment at rate of 80% and in this saline treatment were not significant differences between foliar treatments. Chlorophyll content was 59 in control treatment and increasing of salinity treatment decreased it and was 54 in 12 dS.m-1 treatments. In canopy of Shayan cultivar, received higher sunlight in comparison with other two cultivars.