ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺮ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده و ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز در ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط رﯾﺤﺎن و ﺳﻮرﮔﻮم

Effect of different nitrogen levels on weed biomass and density on intercropping of sorghum and basil

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺛﺮ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﺸﺖ و ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺮ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده و ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز در ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط دو ﮔﯿﺎه رﯾﺤﺎن و ﺳﻮرﮔﻮم ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ اي اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮت ﻫﺎي ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه و در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار ﻃﯽ دو ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﮐﺮت ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ اي )ﮐﻮد زﯾﺴﺘﯽ )ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ+ آزوﺳﭙﯿﺮﯾﻠﻮم(، ﮐﻮد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ )100 درﺻﺪ ﮐﻮد اوره(، ﮐﻮد ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ )50 درﺻﺪ ﮐﻮد اور+ه ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ+ آزوﺳﭙﯿﺮﯾﻠﻮ(م و ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )ﺑﺪون ﮐﻮد(( و ﮐﺮت ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺸﺖ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ )ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺳﻮرﮔﻮم ﺑﺎ وﺟﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز، ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺳﻮرﮔﻮم ﺑﺪون وﺟﯿﻦ، ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ رﯾﺤﺎن ﺑﺎ وﺟﯿﻦ، ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ رﯾﺤﺎن ﺑﺪون وﺟﯿﻦ، ﮐﺸﺖ 100 درﺻﺪ ﺳﻮرﮔﻮ+م 25 درﺻﺪ رﯾﺤﺎن، ﮐﺸﺖ 100 درﺻﺪ ﺳﻮرﮔﻮم+ 50 درﺻﺪ رﯾﺤﺎن، ﮐﺸﺖ 100 درﺻﺪ ﺳﻮرﮔﻮ+م 75 درﺻﺪ رﯾﺤﺎن و ﮐﺸﺖ 100 درﺻﺪ ﺳﻮرﮔﻮم+ 100 درﺻﺪ رﯾﺤﺎن( ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻣﺮﮐﺐ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ دو ﺳﺎل، ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز در ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ رﯾﺤﺎن ﺑﺪون وﺟﯿﻦ و ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺳﻮرﮔﻮم و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ 100 درﺻﺪ رﯾﺤﺎن ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣ.ﺪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ درﺻﺪ رﯾﺤﺎن در ﺗﻤﺎم ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ و ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓ.ﺖ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط در ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﻄﻮح ﮐﻮدي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮي زﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﺶ از ﯾﮏ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ. ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺳﻮرﮔﻮم و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ 100 درﺻﺪ رﯾﺤﺎن در ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ ﮐﻮد زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه 50 درﺻﺪ ﮐﻮد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮي را در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ دارا ﺑﻮد.

In order to evaluate different types of nitrogen fertilizers on yield and yield components of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), an experiment was conducted in Research Farm of Faculty Agriculture, University of Tehran. The treatments were arranged in split plots based on Randomized Compelete Block Design with four replications. Four levels of fertilizer (chemical fertilizer (150 kg/ha urea), biofertilizer (Azospirillum/Azotobacter), combinations of biofertilizer and 50% chemical fertilizer and control) were assigned to the sub plots including (S0: sole cropping of sorghum with weed control, SW: sole cropping of sorghum without weed control, S100: sorghum 100% + basil 100%, S75: sorghum 100% + basil 75%, S50: sorghum 100% + basil 50%, S25: sorghum 100% + basil 25%, B0: sole cropping of sorghum with weed control, BW: sole cropping of sorghum without weed control). A additive system was used for the intercropping pattern. Results showed Intercropping of sorghum and basil controlled weeds and intercropping ratio of 100% sorghum + 100% basil had the lowest weeds density and biomass. Total land equivalent ratio (LER) in all treatments was more than one and combination of 100% sorghum + 100% basil in combinations of biofertilizer and 50% chemical fertilizer was the superior treatment, because of the highest Land Equivalent Ratio.