ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻨﻮع در ﮐﺘﺎن زراﻋﯽ Linum usitatissimum L ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ

Study of diversity in cultivated Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) based on morphological traits

ﮐﺘﺎن ).Linum usitatissimum L( ﯾﮏ ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ از ﺧﺎﻧﻮادهي Linaceae ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺎوي ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر زﯾﺎدي از دو اﺳﯿﺪ ﭼﺮب ﺿﺮوري α ﻟﯿﻨﻮﻟﻨﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ و ﻟﯿﻨﻮﻟﺌﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ 19 ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﮐﺘﺎن ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1397-98 در ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت اﺻﻼح و ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﻧﻬﺎل ﺑﺬر ﺑﺎ 3 ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺳﻪ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ از ﻫﺮ ﮐﺮت ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و 5 ﺻﻔﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮐﭙﺴﻮل در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﮐﭙﺴﻮل، وزن ﻫﺰارداﻧﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺮاي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﺑﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻣﺪل ﺧﻄﯽ ﮐﻠﯽ )glm( در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SAS ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ و از آزﻣﻮن ﭼﻨﺪ داﻣﻨﻪ داﻧﮑﻦ )DMRT( ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن از ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﮐﺘﺎن از ﻧﻈﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮐﭙﺴﻮل در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، وزن ﻫﺰارداﻧﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺗﮏ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل %1 داﺷﺖ اﻣﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﮐﭙﺴﻮل ﺑﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸ.ﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ،9 15، 10و 17 ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ و ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ 14 ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮐﭙﺴﻮل در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ را دارا ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ وزن ﻫﺰارداﻧﻪ در ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي 16و 2 ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ 15 ﺑﺎ دارا ﺑﻮدن ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻻي وزن ﻫﺰارداﻧﻪ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮐﭙﺴﻮل در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داد.

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a medicinal plant belongs to the Linaceae family, with high amounts of two essential fatty acids: α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid. To evaluate the genetic diversity among 19 flax genotypes a randomized complete block design (RCBD) conducted with 3 replications in Seed and Plant Improvment Institute. Three plants from each plot were selected randomly and five characteristics including plant height, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, 1000 seed weight and grain yield were measured. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), was calculated to assess differences among the genotypes using the general linear model procedure in SAS software an‎d the Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) was used for means comparison. The results of data analysis showed significant differences among flax genotypes in terms of plant height, number of capsules per plant, 1000 seed weight and yield per plant at 1% probability level. but there was no significant difference between genotypes for number of seeds per capsule. The highest plant height was observed for genotypes 9, 15, 10 and 17, and genotype 14 showed the highest number of capsules per plant. The highest 1000-seed weight was observed in genotypes 2 and 16, Finally, genotype 15 had the highest yield with high mean of 1000 seed weight and number of capsules per plant.