اثر تاريخ كاشت و كود نيتروژن بر عملكرد و اجزاي عملكرد ذرت رقم ماريا(Zea mays . cv. Maria (Lدر استان گيلان

Effect of planting date and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.cv. Maria) at Guilan province

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ و ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد واﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ذرت رﻗﻢ ﻣﺎرﯾﺎZea mays L. cv. (Maria)،آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮت ﻫﺎي ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎرﺧﺮدﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯿﺪاﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﯿﻼن در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1396-97 اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ.ﺷﺶ ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن )،0 100، 200، 300، 400 ، 500 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺧﺎﻟﺺ از ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اوره(و ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ )5 و17ﺧﺮداد؛21 ﺗﯿﺮ و 2 ﻣﺮداد( ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﮐﺮت ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ و ﻓﺮﻋﯽ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ داده ﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺑﻼل، ﺗﻌﺪاد ردﯾﻒ داﻧﻪ در ﺑﻼل، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ردﯾﻒ،ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ،وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﻼل و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻬﺎﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي و ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺷﺪﻧ.ﺪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ داده ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺑﻼل، ﺗﻌﺪاد ردﯾﻒ داﻧﻪ در ﺑﻼل،ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ردﯾﻒ، ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻬﺘﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ اﺛﺮات ﺳﺎده ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ و ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ و وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﻼل ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ و ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺑﻼل )398,01(، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ردﯾﻒ )27,87( و ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ )234,64( از ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن 300 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ردﯾﻒ داﻧﻪ در ﺑﻼل )(16 و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ )8 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑ(ﺘﺎر از ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﮐﻮدﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن 400 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. در ﻣﯿﺎن ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ، ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺸﺖ 5 ﺧﺮداد از ﻧﻈﺮ آﻣﺎري ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻘﯿﻪ ﺑﺮﺗﺮي داﺷﺖ. در ﮐﻞ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ رﻗﻢ ﻣﺎرﯾﺎ در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ 5 ﺧﺮداد در رﺷﺖ و ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺮف 300 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ داﻧﻪ و ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺗﺮي داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ در ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺎﺋﯿﺪ اﯾﻦ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﻮد و ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺸﺖ و ﻧﯿﺎز ﮐﻮدي ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ اﯾﻦ رﻗﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﮐﺮد.

In order to studyEffect of planting date and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.cv. Maria) a RCBD based split plot experiment with three replications was conducted at the research farm of Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan in 2018. Six levels of nitrogen fertilizer amount (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 kg/ha from urea source), and four planting dates. (26 May, 7 June, 12 and 24 July) were considered as main and sub plots, respectively. In this experiment the number of grain per ear, number of rows per ear, number of seeds per row, plant height, dry weight of ear and grain yieldmeasured and supposed to ANOVA.The results represented thaton seed number per ear, number of grain rows per ear, number of grains per row, plant height and and grain yield were affected by simple effects of nitrogen and date of planting.The highest number of grain per ear (398.01), highest number of seed per row (27.87) and plant height (234.64) were obtained from 300 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer application treatment and the highest number of seed row per ear (16) and grain yield (8 ton / ha). Nitrogen fertilizer was observed at 400 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer application. Among the planting dates used in this experiment, May, 26 was statistically the best. Overall, it could be concluded that planting Maria maize cultivar in May, 26accompany with the use of at least 300 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer, is suitable practice for dry matter production in Rasht, Guilan Province. Therefore, this combination of planting date and nitrogen fertilizer application could be recommended to maize growers if this finding confirmed in the following years.