ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﺑﺬر در ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻋﻤﻮدي ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ دو رﻗﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ

Effect of seed priming (Oryza sativa L.) on vertical distribution of leaf chlorophyll index of two rice cultivars in direct seeding

ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ در ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1398 در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺳﺎري ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ارﻗﺎم ﻃﺎرم و ﺷﯿﺮودي و ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ در ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﯿﺪروﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 48 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ، ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ و ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ )Ψs -1.25 MPa،( اﺳﯿﺪ اﺳﮑﻮرﺑﺎت )10 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ( و ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﺳﺎده و ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ رﻗﻢ و ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﺑﺮگ در ﻻﯾﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﺎﻧﻮﭘﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﺑﺮگ زﯾﺮﯾﻦ، ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ در ﻫﺮ دو رﻗﻢ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﺑﺎ اﺳﯿﺪ اﺳﮑﻮرﺑﺎت، ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ و ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. در ﻻﯾﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﺮاﯾﻢ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ، ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ، اﺳﯿﺪ اﺳﮑﻮرﺑﺎت و ﻫﯿﺪروﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 46/47، 53/39، 57/03 و 37/60 درﺻﺪ در رﻗﻢ ﺷﯿﺮودي و ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 27/10، 26/39، 25/31 و 18/43 درﺻﺪ در رﻗﻢ ﻃﺎرم ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﮔﺮدﯾ. ﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ در ﺑﺮگ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ در اﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﺎﻧﻮﭘﯽ ﺑﺎ 36/47 در رﻗﻢ ﺷﯿﺮودي و ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﺮاﯾﻢ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ در ﻻﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﮐﺎﻧﻮﭘﯽ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮ از ﻻﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي زﯾﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﻮد و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ رﻗﻢ ﺷﯿﺮودي ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ رﻗﻢ ﻃﺎرم ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﺑﺬر ﺑﺎ ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ، ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ، اﺳﯿﺪ اﺳﮑﻮرﺑﺎت اﯾﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺑﺎرزﺗﺮ ﺑﻮد.

In order to investigate variation of chlorophyll index in direct rice cultivation, an experiment was conducted in factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors included Tarom and Shiroudi cultivars and priming at five levels including 48 hours hydropriming, calcium chloride and potassium chloride priming (Ψs -1.25 MPa), ascorbate acid (10 mg l-1) and control treatment. Analysis of variance showed that the simple and interaction effect of cultivar and priming on leaf chlorophyll content was significant in different canopy layers. Results showed that in the lower leaf, the highest amount of chlorophyll index for both cultivar was observed under priming with ascorbate acid, calcium chloride and potassium chloride, respectively. In the middle layer, priming treatments with calcium chloride, potassium chloride, ascorbate acid and hydropriming were 46.47, 53.39, 57.03 and 37.60% in Shiroudi cultivar and 27.10, 26.39, 25.31 and 18.43% in Tarom cultivar increased chlorophyll index compared to control, respectively. The results of mean comparison of chlorophyll index in upper leaf also showed that the highest value of this index was obtained at 36.47 in Shiroudi cultivar under priming with potassium chloride. Generally, results demonstrated that chlorophyll index was higher in upper leaves and also, Shiroudi had more chlorophyll index than Tarom cultivar, which was more clear in priming with calcium chloride, potassium chloride and ascorbic acid.