ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﻮع زﻋﻔﺮان .Crocus sativus L از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ زراﻋﯽ و اﺻﻼﺣﯽ

Study of different genotypes of Crocus sativus L. saffron in terms of some important agronomic and breeding traits

ﻧﺨﺴﺘﯿﻦ ﮔﺎم در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي اﺻﻼﺣﯽ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ وارﯾﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت زراﻋﯽ ﻫﺮ ﮔﯿﺎه و ﺻﻔﺖ ﯾﺎ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﺒﻮد ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ، آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺧﺰاﻧﻪ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻧﺎﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 27 ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ وﺣﺸﯽ ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪه از اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﮐﺸﻮر و ﺗﻌﺪاد 6 ﮐﻠﻮن زراﻋﯽ ﻣﺆﯾﺪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻠﻮن ﻫﺎي زراﻋﯽ راﯾﺞ در اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎ RAPD ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﯾﮏ ﺟﺪ واﺣﺪ ﺑﻮده ﺑﻠﮑﻪ از ﺗﻌﺪاد اﺟﺪاد ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ زﯾﺎد ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد. ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻼﺣﯽ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﮐﻪ اﺻﻼﺣﮕﺮ را در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﻣﻮاد ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﺟﺮاي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪي و ﭘﯿﺸﺒﺮد ﺳﺮﯾﻌﺘﺮ اﻫﺪاف ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻤﻮد. در ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﺑﺘﺪا ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ، ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮان در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﻮاردي ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﻣﻘﺪار، ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ و ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺻﻠﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﯾﺎ ﺗﻼﻗﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺟﻬﺖ اﺻﻼح ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﮔﺮدد. از دﯾﮕﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻃﺮح ﻣﺬﮐﻮر اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ در ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ زراﻋﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺗﻮده زراﻋﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف ﻣﺪون اﺻﻼﺣﯽ، ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪي ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺶ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﺗﺮ را ﻣﻬﯿﺎ ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺳﻌﯽ ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﮐﻠﻮن ﻫﺎي زﻋﻔﺮان ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﺘﻮان ﮔﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﺟﻬﺖ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭙﻬﺎي ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻧﻤﻮد.

The first step in breeding planning is to identify the different agronomic varieties of each plant and the traits or traits discussed by the researcher. Lack of genetic diversity increases vulnerability of different plant species to adverse climatic factors. (Farsi and Bagheri, 1998), (Saboura, 2002) Study of the protein and flavonoid isozyme diversity of the produced saffron, revealing the fact that intraspecific diversity is present in 23 populations of different varieties of saffron. (Qualitative, 2007) The study of 27 wild genotypes collected from different climates of the country and 6 cultivar clones confirms that the common cultivars in Iran with RAPD lacked a single ancestor but also a number of different ancestors with high genetic diversity. Is coming. The first step in breeding programs is genetic diversity analysis. That is, the modifier can be supported in identifying genetic material in order to .execute subsequent programs and advance targets faster In the present study, it has been tried to study the genetic diversity of saffron clones in different regions of the country to determine an effective step for selection of superior genotypes