ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ زﻣﺎن ﮐﺎﺷﺖ و وزن ﭘﯿﺎز ﺑﺮ روي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺻﻔﺎت روﯾﺸﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه زﻋﻔﺮان در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ وراﻣﯿﻦ (Crocus sativus L.)

Effect of onion time and weight on yield and vegetative traits of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Varamin region

ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ و اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﻞ و ﮐﻼﻟﻪ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت روﯾﺸﯽ زﻋﻔﺮان ).Crocus sativus L( ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ از زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ و وزن ﭘﯿﺎز، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ روش ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮﮐﻬﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1397-98 اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎر زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﺮداد، ﺷﻬﺮﯾﻮر، اواﯾﻞ ﻣﻬﺮ، و اواﺧﺮ ﻣﻬﺮﻣﺎه و ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﯿﺎز ﻣﺎدري ﺑﺎ وزنﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ 5-14 ﮔﺮم، در اﯾﻦ ﻃﺮح ﻟﺤﺎظ ﮔﺮدﯾ.ﺪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﻞ و ﮐﻼﻟﻪ در ﭘﯿﺎزﻫﺎي درﺷﺖ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺷﺪه در زﻣﺎن ﺧﺮداد ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 50 درﺻﺪ زﯾﺎدﺗﺮ از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ زﻣﺎنﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ و ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻓﻮق ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد در ﮐﺎﺷﺖ اواﯾﻞ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺣﺪوداً 25 درﺻﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ و اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻔﺎوت در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ زﻣﺎن ﮐﺸﺖ ﺷﻬﺮﯾﻮر ﻣﺎه ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ .ﻟﯿﮑﻦ زﻣﺎن ﮐﺸﺖ اواﺧﺮ ﻣﻬﺮﻣﺎه در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ ﭘﺎﺋﯿﻦﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﻞ و ﮐﻼﻟﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﮐﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮدر ﭘﯿﺎزﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ وزن ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ وزن ﮐﻤﺘﺮ در ﻫﻤﻪ زﻣﺎنﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ زﯾﺎدﺗﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ ﺧﺮداد و اواﯾﻞ ﺷﻬﺮﯾﻮر ﻣﺎه ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﮐﻞ ﺑﺮگ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎ در ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ اﺻﻠﯽ و ﻓﺮﻋﯽ را دارد ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﮐﻪ در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﭘﯿﺎزﻫﺎي دﺧﺘﺮي در ﺳﺎل آﯾﻨﺪه ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺻﻔﺎت روﯾﺸﯽ در ﭘﯿﺎزﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﭘﯿﺎزﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﭘﯿﺎز ﺑﺎ وزن ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ )10-14 ﮔﺮﻣﯽ( در زﻣﺎن ﺧﺮداد ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﭘﺪﯾﺪارﺷﺪن ﺻﻔﺎت روﯾﺸﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه زﻋﻔﺮان ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد.

In order to identify and measure flower and stigma yield, as well as vegetative traits of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) by onion weight and planting date treatments, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications in the field environment. - Project area study of Aboureihan University, affiliated to Tehran University, located in Pakdasht city, in the desert margin of Varamin city during 2014-2014. Planting date included (20 June, 16 September, 5 October, and 20 October) with variable weight of native onion ranged from 14 to 14 g and from 5 to 9 g was considered. Interpretation of the results indicated that flower yield of stigma in the bulb on 50 June was 50% higher than the other cultivation time and after the above date the yield on 5 October was about 25% higher than the other time. an‎d this difference is not very significant compared to the cultivation time of September 16th. However, flowering time of 20 October compared to other cultivars has the lowest flower and stigma yield. So that the fashionable traits of onions with higher weights were higher than those of lower weights at all seasons. The study further revealed that the maximum dry weight of the whole leaf at 20 June and 16 September is the maximum leaf length in the main and secondary buds, which will be effective in increasing the female onions next year. The results show that all vegetative traits in larger onions are higher than smaller ones and it can be said that planting larger size (10-14 g) bulbs at 20 June improves yield and emergence of saffron. It became a Varamin desert.